This allows the spark-shell, spark-class, run-example, make-distribution.sh,
and ./bin/start-* scripts to work under Cygwin.  Note that this doesn't
support PySpark under Cygwin, since that requires many additional `cygpath`
calls from within Python and will be non-trivial to implement.

This PR was inspired by, and subsumes, #253 (so close #253 after this is merged).

This commit makes Spark invocation saner by using an assembly JAR to
find all of Spark's dependencies instead of adding all the JARs in
lib_managed. It also packages the examples into an assembly and uses
that as SPARK_EXAMPLES_JAR. Finally, it replaces the old "run" script
with two better-named scripts: "run-examples" for examples, and
"spark-class" for Spark internal classes (e.g. REPL, master, etc). This
is also designed to minimize the confusion people have in trying to use
"run" to run their own classes; it's not meant to do that, but now at
least if they look at it, they can modify run-examples to do a decent
job for them.

As part of this, Bagel's examples are also now properly moved to the
examples package instead of bagel.

Consistently invoke bash with /usr/bin/env bash in scripts to make code more portable (JIRA Ticket SPARK-817)

each line's object rather than a singleton object so that we can ship
these classes to worker nodes). This is pretty hairy stuff, which would
be nice to avoid in the future by integrating with the interpreter some
other way.