## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Documentation and examples (Java, scala, python, R) for LinearSVC

## How was this patch tested?
local doc generation

Author: Yuhao Yang <yuhao.yang@intel.com>

Closes #16968 from hhbyyh/mlsvmdoc.

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Improve example outputs to better reflect the functionality that is being presented.  This mostly consisted of modifying what was printed at the end of the example, such as calling show() with truncate=False, but sometimes required minor tweaks in the example data to get relevant output.  Explicitly set parameters when they are used as part of the example.  Fixed Java examples that failed to run because of using old-style MLlib Vectors or problem with schema.  Synced examples between different APIs.

## How was this patch tested?
Ran each example for Scala, Python, and Java and made sure output was legible on a terminal of width 100.

Author: Bryan Cutler <cutlerb@gmail.com>

Closes #14308 from BryanCutler/ml-examples-improve-output-SPARK-16260.

[SPARK-14615][ML][FOLLOWUP] Fix Python examples to use the new ML Vector and Matrix APIs in the ML pipeline based algorithms

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR fixes Python examples to use the new ML Vector and Matrix APIs in the ML pipeline based algorithms.

I firstly executed this shell command, `grep -r "from pyspark.mllib" .` and then executed them all.
Some of tests in `ml` produced the error messages as below:

```
pyspark.sql.utils.IllegalArgumentException: u'requirement failed: Input type must be VectorUDT but got org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.VectorUDTf71b0bce.'
```

So, I fixed them to use new ones just identically with some Python tests fixed in https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/12627

## How was this patch tested?

Manually tested for all the examples listed by `grep -r "from pyspark.mllib" .`.

Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>

Closes #13393 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-14615.

[SPARK-15134][EXAMPLE] Indent SparkSession builder patterns and update binary_classification_metrics_example.py

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This issue addresses the comments in SPARK-15031 and also fix java-linter errors.
- Use multiline format in SparkSession builder patterns.
- Update `binary_classification_metrics_example.py` to use `SparkSession`.
- Fix Java Linter errors (in SPARK-13745, SPARK-15031, and so far)

## How was this patch tested?

After passing the Jenkins tests and run `dev/lint-java` manually.

Author: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>

Closes #12911 from dongjoon-hyun/SPARK-15134.

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR aims to update Scala/Python/Java examples by replacing `SQLContext` with newly added `SparkSession`.

- Use **SparkSession Builder Pattern** in 154(Scala 55, Java 52, Python 47) files.
- Add `getConf` in Python SparkContext class: `python/pyspark/context.py`
- Replace **SQLContext Singleton Pattern** with **SparkSession Singleton Pattern**:
  - `SqlNetworkWordCount.scala`
  - `JavaSqlNetworkWordCount.java`
  - `sql_network_wordcount.py`

Now, `SQLContexts` are used only in R examples and the following two Python examples. The python examples are untouched in this PR since it already fails some unknown issue.
- `simple_params_example.py`
- `aft_survival_regression.py`

## How was this patch tested?

Manual.

Author: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>

Closes #12809 from dongjoon-hyun/SPARK-15031.

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
add three python examples

## How was this patch tested?
manual tests

Author: Zheng RuiFeng <ruifengz@foxmail.com>

Closes #12063 from zhengruifeng/dct_pe.

PR on behalf of somideshmukh, thanks!

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>
Author: somideshmukh <somilde@us.ibm.com>

Closes #10219 from yinxusen/SPARK-11551.

Add ```SQLTransformer``` user guide, example code and make Scala API doc more clear.

Author: Yanbo Liang <ybliang8@gmail.com>

Closes #10006 from yanboliang/spark-11958.

Made new patch contaning only markdown examples moved to exmaple/folder.
Ony three  java code were not shfted since they were contaning compliation error ,these classes are
1)StandardScale 2)NormalizerExample 3)VectorIndexer

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>
Author: somideshmukh <somilde@us.ibm.com>

Closes #10002 from somideshmukh/SomilBranch1.33.

JIRA link: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-11729

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>

Closes #9713 from yinxusen/SPARK-11729.

mengxr https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-11289

I make some changes in ML feature extractors. I.e. TF-IDF, Word2Vec, and CountVectorizer. I add new example code in spark/examples, hope it is the right place to add those examples.

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>

Closes #9266 from yinxusen/SPARK-11289.

The following items are added to Python kmeans:

kmeans - setEpsilon, setInitializationSteps
KMeansModel - computeCost, k

Author: Hrishikesh Subramonian <hrishikesh.subramonian@flytxt.com>

Closes #5647 from FlytxtRnD/newPyKmeansAPI and squashes the following commits:

b9e451b [Hrishikesh Subramonian] set seed to fixed value in doc test
5fd3ced [Hrishikesh Subramonian] doc test corrections
20b3c68 [Hrishikesh Subramonian] python 3 fixes
4d4e695 [Hrishikesh Subramonian] added arguments in python tests
21eb84c [Hrishikesh Subramonian] Python Kmeans - setEpsilon, setInitializationSteps, k and computeCost added.

This PR update PySpark to support Python 3 (tested with 3.4).

Known issue: unpickle array from Pyrolite is broken in Python 3, those tests are skipped.

TODO: ec2/spark-ec2.py is not fully tested with python3.

Author: Davies Liu <davies@databricks.com>
Author: twneale <twneale@gmail.com>
Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@databricks.com>

Closes #5173 from davies/python3 and squashes the following commits:

d7d6323 [Davies Liu] fix tests
6c52a98 [Davies Liu] fix mllib test
99e334f [Davies Liu] update timeout
b716610 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
cafd5ec [Davies Liu] adddress comments from @mengxr
bf225d7 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
179fc8d [Davies Liu] tuning flaky tests
8c8b957 [Davies Liu] fix ResourceWarning in Python 3
5c57c95 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
4006829 [Davies Liu] fix test
2fc0066 [Davies Liu] add python3 path
71535e9 [Davies Liu] fix xrange and divide
5a55ab4 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
125f12c [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
ed498c8 [Davies Liu] fix compatibility with python 3
820e649 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
e8ce8c9 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
ad7c374 [Davies Liu] fix mllib test and warning
ef1fc2f [Davies Liu] fix tests
4eee14a [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
20112ff [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
59bb492 [Davies Liu] fix tests
1da268c [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
ca0fdd3 [Davies Liu] fix code style
9563a15 [Davies Liu] add imap back for python 2
0b1ec04 [Davies Liu] make python examples work with Python 3
d2fd566 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
a716d34 [Davies Liu] test with python 3.4
f1700e8 [Davies Liu] fix test in python3
671b1db [Davies Liu] fix test in python3
692ff47 [Davies Liu] fix flaky test
7b9699f [Davies Liu] invalidate import cache for Python 3.3+
9c58497 [Davies Liu] fix kill worker
309bfbf [Davies Liu] keep compatibility
5707476 [Davies Liu] cleanup, fix hash of string in 3.3+
8662d5b [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python3
f53e1f0 [Davies Liu] fix tests
70b6b73 [Davies Liu] compile ec2/spark_ec2.py in python 3
a39167e [Davies Liu] support customize class in __main__
814c77b [Davies Liu] run unittests with python 3
7f4476e [Davies Liu] mllib tests passed
d737924 [Davies Liu] pass ml tests
375ea17 [Davies Liu] SQL tests pass
6cc42a9 [Davies Liu] rename
431a8de [Davies Liu] streaming tests pass
78901a7 [Davies Liu] fix hash of serializer in Python 3
24b2f2e [Davies Liu] pass all RDD tests
35f48fe [Davies Liu] run future again
1eebac2 [Davies Liu] fix conflict in ec2/spark_ec2.py
6e3c21d [Davies Liu] make cloudpickle work with Python3
2fb2db3 [Josh Rosen] Guard more changes behind sys.version; still doesn't run
1aa5e8f [twneale] Turned out `pickle.DictionaryType is dict` == True, so swapped it out
7354371 [twneale] buffer --> memoryview  I'm not super sure if this a valid change, but the 2.7 docs recommend using memoryview over buffer where possible, so hoping it'll work.
b69ccdf [twneale] Uses the pure python pickle._Pickler instead of c-extension _pickle.Pickler. It appears pyspark 2.7 uses the pure python pickler as well, so this shouldn't degrade pickling performance (?).
f40d925 [twneale] xrange --> range
e104215 [twneale] Replaces 2.7 types.InstsanceType with 3.4 `object`....could be horribly wrong depending on how types.InstanceType is used elsewhere in the package--see http://bugs.python.org/issue8206
79de9d0 [twneale] Replaces python2.7 `file` with 3.4 _io.TextIOWrapper
2adb42d [Josh Rosen] Fix up some import differences between Python 2 and 3
854be27 [Josh Rosen] Run `futurize` on Python code:
7c5b4ce [Josh Rosen] Remove Python 3 check in shell.py.

Added examples for statistical summarization:
* Scala: StatisticalSummary.scala
** Tests: correlation, MultivariateOnlineSummarizer
* python: statistical_summary.py
** Tests: correlation (since MultivariateOnlineSummarizer has no Python API)

Added examples for random and sampled RDDs:
* Scala: RandomAndSampledRDDs.scala
* python: random_and_sampled_rdds.py
* Both test:
** RandomRDDGenerators.normalRDD, normalVectorRDD
** RDD.sample, takeSample, sampleByKey

Added sc.stop() to all examples.

CorrelationSuite.scala
* Added 1 test for RDDs with only 1 value

RowMatrix.scala
* numCols(): Added check for numRows = 0, with error message.
* computeCovariance(): Added check for numRows <= 1, with error message.

Python SparseVector (pyspark/mllib/linalg.py)
* Added toDense() function

python/run-tests script
* Added stat.py (doc test)

CC: mengxr dorx  Main changes were examples to show usage across APIs.

Author: Joseph K. Bradley <joseph.kurata.bradley@gmail.com>

Closes #1878 from jkbradley/mllib-stats-api-check and squashes the following commits:

ea5c047 [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
dafebe2 [Joseph K. Bradley] Bug fixes for examples SampledRDDs.scala and sampled_rdds.py: Check for division by 0 and for missing key in maps.
8d1e555 [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
60c72d9 [Joseph K. Bradley] Fixed stat.py doc test to work for Python versions printing nan or NaN.
b20d90a [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
4e5d15e [Joseph K. Bradley] Changed pyspark/mllib/stat.py doc tests to use NaN instead of nan.
32173b7 [Joseph K. Bradley] Stats examples update.
c8c20dc [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
cf70b07 [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
0b7cec3 [Joseph K. Bradley] Small updates based on code review.  Renamed statistical_summary.py to correlations.py
ab48f6e [Joseph K. Bradley] RowMatrix.scala * numCols(): Added check for numRows = 0, with error message. * computeCovariance(): Added check for numRows <= 1, with error message.
65e4ebc [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
8195c78 [Joseph K. Bradley] Added examples for random and sampled RDDs: * Scala: RandomAndSampledRDDs.scala * python: random_and_sampled_rdds.py * Both test: ** RandomRDDGenerators.normalRDD, normalVectorRDD ** RDD.sample, takeSample, sampleByKey
064985b [Joseph K. Bradley] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into mllib-stats-api-check
ee918e9 [Joseph K. Bradley] Added examples for statistical summarization: * Scala: StatisticalSummary.scala ** Tests: correlation, MultivariateOnlineSummarizer * python: statistical_summary.py ** Tests: correlation (since MultivariateOnlineSummarizer has no Python API)

A recent PR (#552) fixed this for all Scala / Java examples. We need to do it for python too.

Note that this blocks on #799, which makes `bin/pyspark` go through Spark submit. With only the changes in this PR, the only way to run these examples is through Spark submit. Once #799 goes in, you can use `bin/pyspark` to run them too. For example,

```
bin/pyspark examples/src/main/python/pi.py 100 --master local-cluster[4,1,512]
```

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #802 from andrewor14/python-examples and squashes the following commits:

cf50b9f [Andrew Or] De-indent python comments (minor)
50f80b1 [Andrew Or] Remove pyFiles from SparkContext construction
c362f69 [Andrew Or] Update docs to use spark-submit for python applications
7072c6a [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python-examples
427a5f0 [Andrew Or] Update docs
d32072c [Andrew Or] Remove <master> from examples + update usages

- [x] Move all of them into subpackages of org.apache.spark.examples (right now some are in org.apache.spark.streaming.examples, for instance, and others are in org.apache.spark.examples.mllib)
- [x] Move Python examples into examples/src/main/python
- [x] Update docs to reflect these changes

Author: Sandeep <sandeep@techaddict.me>

This patch had conflicts when merged, resolved by
Committer: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #571 from techaddict/SPARK-1637 and squashes the following commits:

47ef86c [Sandeep] Changes based on Discussions on PR, removing use of RawTextHelper from examples
8ed2d3f [Sandeep] Docs Updated for changes, Change for java examples
5f96121 [Sandeep] Move Python examples into examples/src/main/python
0a8dd77 [Sandeep] Move all Scala Examples to org.apache.spark.examples (some are in org.apache.spark.streaming.examples, for instance, and others are in org.apache.spark.examples.mllib)

This PR adds a SparseVector class in PySpark and updates all the regression, classification and clustering algorithms and models to support sparse data, similar to MLlib. I chose to add this class because SciPy is quite difficult to install in many environments (more so than NumPy), but I plan to add support for SciPy sparse vectors later too, and make the methods work transparently on objects of either type.

On the Scala side, we keep Python sparse vectors sparse and pass them to MLlib. We always return dense vectors from our models.

Some to-do items left:
- [x] Support SciPy's scipy.sparse matrix objects when SciPy is available. We can easily add a function to convert these to our own SparseVector.
- [x] MLlib currently uses a vector with one extra column on the left to represent what we call LabeledPoint in Scala. Do we really want this? It may get annoying once you deal with sparse data since you must add/subtract 1 to each feature index when training. We can remove this API in 1.0 and use tuples for labeling.
- [x] Explain how to use these in the Python MLlib docs.

CC @mengxr, @joshrosen

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #341 from mateiz/py-ml-update and squashes the following commits:

d52e763 [Matei Zaharia] Remove no-longer-needed slice code and handle review comments
ea5a25a [Matei Zaharia] Fix remaining uses of copyto() after merge
b9f97a3 [Matei Zaharia] Fix test
1e1bd0f [Matei Zaharia] Add MLlib logistic regression example in Python
88bc01f [Matei Zaharia] Clean up inheritance of LinearModel in Python, and expose its parametrs
37ab747 [Matei Zaharia] Fix some examples and docs due to changes in MLlib API
da0f27e [Matei Zaharia] Added a MLlib K-means example and updated docs to discuss sparse data
c48e85a [Matei Zaharia] Added some tests for passing lists as input, and added mllib/tests.py to run-tests script.
a07ba10 [Matei Zaharia] Fix some typos and calculation of initial weights
74eefe7 [Matei Zaharia] Added LabeledPoint class in Python
889dde8 [Matei Zaharia] Support scipy.sparse matrices in all our algorithms and models
ab244d1 [Matei Zaharia] Allow SparseVectors to be initialized using a dict
a5d6426 [Matei Zaharia] Add linalg.py to run-tests script
0e7a3d8 [Matei Zaharia] Keep vectors sparse in Java when reading LabeledPoints
eaee759 [Matei Zaharia] Update regression, classification and clustering models for sparse data
2abbb44 [Matei Zaharia] Further work to get linear models working with sparse data
154f45d [Matei Zaharia] Update docs, name some magic values
881fef7 [Matei Zaharia] Added a sparse vector in Python and made Java-Python format more compact