[SPARK-20700][SQL] InferFiltersFromConstraints stackoverflows for query (v2)

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the previous approach we used `aliasMap` to link an `Attribute` to the expression with potentially the form `f(a, b)`, but we only searched the `expressions` and `children.expressions` for this, which is not enough when an `Alias` may lies deep in the logical plan. In that case, we can't generate the valid equivalent constraint classes and thus we fail at preventing the recursive deductions.

We fix this problem by collecting all `Alias`s from the logical plan.

## How was this patch tested?

No additional test case is added, but do modified one test case to cover this situation.

Author: Xingbo Jiang <xingbo.jiang@databricks.com>

Closes #18020 from jiangxb1987/inferConstrants.