[SPARK-20700][SQL] InferFiltersFromConstraints stackoverflows for query (v2)

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the previous approach we used `aliasMap` to link an `Attribute` to the expression with potentially the form `f(a, b)`, but we only searched the `expressions` and `children.expressions` for this, which is not enough when an `Alias` may lies deep in the logical plan. In that case, we can't generate the valid equivalent constraint classes and thus we fail at preventing the recursive deductions.

We fix this problem by collecting all `Alias`s from the logical plan.

## How was this patch tested?

No additional test case is added, but do modified one test case to cover this situation.

Author: Xingbo Jiang <xingbo.jiang@databricks.com>

Closes #18020 from jiangxb1987/inferConstrants.

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/QueryPlan.scala

@@ -81,11 +81,12 @@ abstract class QueryPlan[PlanType <: QueryPlan[PlanType]] extends TreeNode[PlanT
     case _ => Seq.empty[Attribute]
   }
 
-  // Collect aliases from expressions, so we may avoid producing recursive constraints.
-  private lazy val aliasMap = AttributeMap(
-    (expressions ++ children.flatMap(_.expressions)).collect {
+  // Collect aliases from expressions of the whole tree rooted by the current QueryPlan node, so
+  // we may avoid producing recursive constraints.
+  private lazy val aliasMap: AttributeMap[Expression] = AttributeMap(
+    expressions.collect {
       case a: Alias => (a.toAttribute, a.child)
-    })
+    } ++ children.flatMap(_.aliasMap))
 
   /**
    * Infers an additional set of constraints from a given set of equality constraints.

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite.scala

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ class InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite extends PlanTest {
         PushPredicateThroughJoin,
         PushDownPredicate,
         InferFiltersFromConstraints(conf),
-        CombineFilters) :: Nil
+        CombineFilters,
+        BooleanSimplification) :: Nil
   }
 
   object OptimizeWithConstraintPropagationDisabled extends RuleExecutor[LogicalPlan] {
@@ -172,7 +173,12 @@ class InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite extends PlanTest {
     val t1 = testRelation.subquery('t1)
     val t2 = testRelation.subquery('t2)
 
-    val originalQuery = t1.select('a, 'b.as('d), Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)).as('int_col)).as("t")
+    // We should prevent `Coalese(a, b)` from recursively creating complicated constraints through
+    // the constraint inference procedure.
+    val originalQuery = t1.select('a, 'b.as('d), Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)).as('int_col))
+      // We hide an `Alias` inside the child's child's expressions, to cover the situation reported
+      // in [SPARK-20700].
+      .select('int_col, 'd, 'a).as("t")
       .join(t2, Inner,
         Some("t.a".attr === "t2.a".attr
           && "t.d".attr === "t2.a".attr
@@ -180,22 +186,18 @@ class InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite extends PlanTest {
       .analyze
     val correctAnswer = t1
       .where(IsNotNull('a) && IsNotNull(Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)))
-        && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> 'a
-        && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) <=> 'b && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a))
-        && 'a === 'b && IsNotNull(Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b))) && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b))
-        && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)) <=> Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)) === 'b
+        && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a))
+        && Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) <=> 'a && 'a === 'b && IsNotNull(Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)))
+        && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)) && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)) === 'b
         && IsNotNull('b) && IsNotNull(Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)))
-        && 'b === Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) && 'b <=> Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b))
-        && Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) <=> Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) && 'b <=> 'b)
-      .select('a, 'b.as('d), Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)).as('int_col)).as("t")
+        && 'b === Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)) && 'b <=> Coalesce(Seq('b, 'b)))
+      .select('a, 'b.as('d), Coalesce(Seq('a, 'b)).as('int_col))
+      .select('int_col, 'd, 'a).as("t")
       .join(t2
         .where(IsNotNull('a) && IsNotNull(Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)))
-          && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> 'a
-          && Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a))), Inner,
-        Some("t.a".attr === "t2.a".attr
-          && "t.d".attr === "t2.a".attr
-          && "t.int_col".attr === "t2.a".attr
-          && Coalesce(Seq("t.d".attr, "t.d".attr)) <=> "t.int_col".attr))
+          && 'a <=> Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a === Coalesce(Seq('a, 'a)) && 'a <=> 'a), Inner,
+        Some("t.a".attr === "t2.a".attr && "t.d".attr === "t2.a".attr
+          && "t.int_col".attr === "t2.a".attr))
       .analyze
     val optimized = Optimize.execute(originalQuery)
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)