## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR aims to provide a pip installable PySpark package. This does a bunch of work to copy the jars over and package them with the Python code (to prevent challenges from trying to use different versions of the Python code with different versions of the JAR). It does not currently publish to PyPI but that is the natural follow up (SPARK-18129).

Done:
- pip installable on conda [manual tested]
- setup.py installed on a non-pip managed system (RHEL) with YARN [manual tested]
- Automated testing of this (virtualenv)
- packaging and signing with release-build*

Possible follow up work:
- release-build update to publish to PyPI (SPARK-18128)
- figure out who owns the pyspark package name on prod PyPI (is it someone with in the project or should we ask PyPI or should we choose a different name to publish with like ApachePySpark?)
- Windows support and or testing ( SPARK-18136 )
- investigate details of wheel caching and see if we can avoid cleaning the wheel cache during our test
- consider how we want to number our dev/snapshot versions

Explicitly out of scope:
- Using pip installed PySpark to start a standalone cluster
- Using pip installed PySpark for non-Python Spark programs

*I've done some work to test release-build locally but as a non-committer I've just done local testing.
## How was this patch tested?

Automated testing with virtualenv, manual testing with conda, a system wide install, and YARN integration.

release-build changes tested locally as a non-committer (no testing of upload artifacts to Apache staging websites)

Author: Holden Karau <holden@us.ibm.com>
Author: Juliet Hougland <juliet@cloudera.com>
Author: Juliet Hougland <not@myemail.com>

Closes #15659 from holdenk/SPARK-1267-pip-install-pyspark.

As part of the goal to stop creating assemblies in Spark, this change
modifies the mvn and sbt builds to not create an assembly for examples.

Instead, dependencies are copied to the build directory (under
target/scala-xx/jars), and in the final archive, into the "examples/jars"
directory.

To avoid having to deal too much with Windows batch files, I made examples
run through the launcher library; the spark-submit launcher now has a
special mode to run examples, which adds all the necessary jars to the
spark-submit command line, and replaces the bash and batch scripts that
were used to run examples. The scripts are now just a thin wrapper around
spark-submit; another advantage is that now all spark-submit options are
supported.

There are a few glitches; in the mvn build, a lot of duplicated dependencies
get copied, because they are promoted to "compile" scope due to extra
dependencies in the examples module (such as HBase). In the sbt build,
all dependencies are copied, because there doesn't seem to be an easy
way to filter things.

I plan to clean some of this up when the rest of the tasks are finished.
When the main assembly is replaced with jars, we can remove duplicate jars
from the examples directory during packaging.

Tested by running SparkPi in: maven build, sbt build, dist created by
make-distribution.sh.

Finally: note that running the "assembly" target in sbt doesn't build
the examples anymore. You need to run "package" for that.

Author: Marcelo Vanzin <vanzin@cloudera.com>

Closes #11452 from vanzin/SPARK-13576.

This PR is based on the work of roji to support running Spark scripts from symlinks. Thanks for the great work roji . Would you mind taking a look at this PR, thanks a lot.

For releases like HDP and others, normally it will expose the Spark executables as symlinks and put in `PATH`, but current Spark's scripts do not support finding real path from symlink recursively, this will make spark fail to execute from symlink. This PR try to solve this issue by finding the absolute path from symlink.

Instead of using `readlink -f` like what this PR (https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/2386) implemented is that `-f` is not support for Mac, so here manually seeking the path through loop.

I've tested with Mac and Linux (Cent OS), looks fine.

This PR did not fix the scripts under `sbin` folder, not sure if it needs to be fixed also?

Please help to review, any comment is greatly appreciated.

Author: jerryshao <sshao@hortonworks.com>
Author: Shay Rojansky <roji@roji.org>

Closes #8669 from jerryshao/SPARK-2960.

This change encapsulates all the logic involved in launching a Spark job
into a small Java library that can be easily embedded into other applications.

The overall goal of this change is twofold, as described in the bug:

- Provide a public API for launching Spark processes. This is a common request
  from users and currently there's no good answer for it.

- Remove a lot of the duplicated code and other coupling that exists in the
  different parts of Spark that deal with launching processes.

A lot of the duplication was due to different code needed to build an
application's classpath (and the bootstrapper needed to run the driver in
certain situations), and also different code needed to parse spark-submit
command line options in different contexts. The change centralizes those
as much as possible so that all code paths can rely on the library for
handling those appropriately.

Author: Marcelo Vanzin <vanzin@cloudera.com>

Closes #3916 from vanzin/SPARK-4924 and squashes the following commits:

18c7e4d [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix make-distribution.sh.
2ce741f [Marcelo Vanzin] Add lots of quotes.
3b28a75 [Marcelo Vanzin] Update new pom.
a1b8af1 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
897141f [Marcelo Vanzin] Review feedback.
e2367d2 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
28cd35e [Marcelo Vanzin] Remove stale comment.
b1d86b0 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
00505f9 [Marcelo Vanzin] Add blurb about new API in the programming guide.
5f4ddcc [Marcelo Vanzin] Better usage messages.
92a9cfb [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix Win32 launcher, usage.
6184c07 [Marcelo Vanzin] Rename field.
4c19196 [Marcelo Vanzin] Update comment.
7e66c18 [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix pyspark tests.
0031a8e [Marcelo Vanzin] Review feedback.
c12d84b [Marcelo Vanzin] Review feedback. And fix spark-submit on Windows.
e2d4d71 [Marcelo Vanzin] Simplify some code used to launch pyspark.
43008a7 [Marcelo Vanzin] Don't make builder extend SparkLauncher.
b4d6912 [Marcelo Vanzin] Use spark-submit script in SparkLauncher.
28b1434 [Marcelo Vanzin] Add a comment.
304333a [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix propagation of properties file arg.
bb67b93 [Marcelo Vanzin] Remove unrelated Yarn change (that is also wrong).
8ec0243 [Marcelo Vanzin] Add missing newline.
95ddfa8 [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix handling of --help for spark-class command builder.
72da7ec [Marcelo Vanzin] Rename SparkClassLauncher.
62978e4 [Marcelo Vanzin] Minor cleanup of Windows code path.
9cd5b44 [Marcelo Vanzin] Make all non-public APIs package-private.
e4c80b6 [Marcelo Vanzin] Reorganize the code so that only SparkLauncher is public.
e50dc5e [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
de81da2 [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix CommandUtils.
86a87bf [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
2061967 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
46d46da [Marcelo Vanzin] Clean up a test and make it more future-proof.
b93692a [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
ad03c48 [Marcelo Vanzin] Revert "Fix a thread-safety issue in "local" mode."
0b509d0 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
23aa2a9 [Marcelo Vanzin] Read java-opts from conf dir, not spark home.
7cff919 [Marcelo Vanzin] Javadoc updates.
eae4d8e [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix new unit tests on Windows.
e570fb5 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
44cd5f7 [Marcelo Vanzin] Add package-info.java, clean up javadocs.
f7cacff [Marcelo Vanzin] Remove "launch Spark in new thread" feature.
7ed8859 [Marcelo Vanzin] Some more feedback.
54cd4fd [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
61919df [Marcelo Vanzin] Clean leftover debug statement.
aae5897 [Marcelo Vanzin] Use launcher classes instead of jars in non-release mode.
e584fc3 [Marcelo Vanzin] Rework command building a little bit.
525ef5b [Marcelo Vanzin] Rework Unix spark-class to handle argument with newlines.
8ac4e92 [Marcelo Vanzin] Minor test cleanup.
e946a99 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge PySparkLauncher into SparkSubmitCliLauncher.
c617539 [Marcelo Vanzin] Review feedback round 1.
fc6a3e2 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
f26556b [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix a thread-safety issue in "local" mode.
2f4e8b4 [Marcelo Vanzin] Changes needed to make this work with SPARK-4048.
799fc20 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
bb5d324 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
53faef1 [Marcelo Vanzin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-4924
a7936ef [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix pyspark tests.
656374e [Marcelo Vanzin] Mima fixes.
4d511e7 [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix tools search code.
7a01e4a [Marcelo Vanzin] Fix pyspark on Yarn.
1b3f6e9 [Marcelo Vanzin] Call SparkSubmit from spark-class launcher for unknown classes.
25c5ae6 [Marcelo Vanzin] Centralize SparkSubmit command line parsing.
27be98a [Marcelo Vanzin] Modify Spark to use launcher lib.
6f70eea [Marcelo Vanzin] [SPARK-4924] Add a library for launching Spark jobs programatically.

Author: Venkata Ramana G <ramana.gollamudihuawei.com>

Author: Venkata Ramana Gollamudi <ramana.gollamudi@huawei.com>

Closes #4561 from gvramana/word_split and squashes the following commits:

285c8d4 [Venkata Ramana Gollamudi] Fixed word split problem in run-example and compute-classpath

Fix run-example script to fail fast with useful error message if multiple
example assembly JARs are present.

Author: Venkata Ramana Gollamudi <ramana.gollamudi@huawei.com>

Closes #3377 from gvramana/run-example_fails and squashes the following commits:

fa7f481 [Venkata Ramana Gollamudi] Fixed review comments, avoiding ls output scanning.
6aa1ab7 [Venkata Ramana Gollamudi] Fix run-examples script error during multiple jars

Let's give this another go using a version of Hive that shades its JLine dependency.

Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>

Closes #3159 from pwendell/scala-2.11-prashant and squashes the following commits:

e93aa3e [Patrick Wendell] Restoring -Phive-thriftserver profile and cleaning up build script.
f65d17d [Patrick Wendell] Fixing build issue due to merge conflict
a8c41eb [Patrick Wendell] Reverting dev/run-tests back to master state.
7a6eb18 [Patrick Wendell] Merge remote-tracking branch 'apache/master' into scala-2.11-prashant
583aa07 [Prashant Sharma] REVERT ME: removed hive thirftserver
3680e58 [Prashant Sharma] Revert "REVERT ME: Temporarily removing some Cli tests."
935fb47 [Prashant Sharma] Revert "Fixed by disabling a few tests temporarily."
925e90f [Prashant Sharma] Fixed by disabling a few tests temporarily.
2fffed3 [Prashant Sharma] Exclude groovy from sbt build, and also provide a way for such instances in future.
8bd4e40 [Prashant Sharma] Switched to gmaven plus, it fixes random failures observer with its predecessor gmaven.
5272ce5 [Prashant Sharma] SPARK_SCALA_VERSION related bugs.
2121071 [Patrick Wendell] Migrating version detection to PySpark
b1ed44d [Patrick Wendell] REVERT ME: Temporarily removing some Cli tests.
1743a73 [Patrick Wendell] Removing decimal test that doesn't work with Scala 2.11
f5cad4e [Patrick Wendell] Add Scala 2.11 docs
210d7e1 [Patrick Wendell] Revert "Testing new Hive version with shaded jline"
48518ce [Patrick Wendell] Remove association of Hive and Thriftserver profiles.
e9d0a06 [Patrick Wendell] Revert "Enable thritfserver for Scala 2.10 only"
67ec364 [Patrick Wendell] Guard building of thriftserver around Scala 2.10 check
8502c23 [Patrick Wendell] Enable thritfserver for Scala 2.10 only
e22b104 [Patrick Wendell] Small fix in pom file
ec402ab [Patrick Wendell] Various fixes
0be5a9d [Patrick Wendell] Testing new Hive version with shaded jline
4eaec65 [Prashant Sharma] Changed scripts to ignore target.
5167bea [Prashant Sharma] small correction
a4fcac6 [Prashant Sharma] Run against scala 2.11 on jenkins.
80285f4 [Prashant Sharma] MAven equivalent of setting spark.executor.extraClasspath during tests.
034b369 [Prashant Sharma] Setting test jars on executor classpath during tests from sbt.
d4874cb [Prashant Sharma] Fixed Python Runner suite. null check should be first case in scala 2.11.
6f50f13 [Prashant Sharma] Fixed build after rebasing with master. We should use ${scala.binary.version} instead of just 2.10
e56ca9d [Prashant Sharma] Print an error if build for 2.10 and 2.11 is spotted.
937c0b8 [Prashant Sharma] SCALA_VERSION -> SPARK_SCALA_VERSION
cb059b0 [Prashant Sharma] Code review
0476e5e [Prashant Sharma] Scala 2.11 support with repl and all build changes.

...

Tested ! TBH, it isn't a great idea to have directory with spaces within. Because emacs doesn't like it then hadoop doesn't like it. and so on...

Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>

Closes #2229 from ScrapCodes/SPARK-3337/quoting-shell-scripts and squashes the following commits:

d4ad660 [Prashant Sharma] SPARK-3337 Paranoid quoting in shell to allow install dirs with spaces within.

Author: Chris Fregly <chris@fregly.com>

Closes #1434 from cfregly/master and squashes the following commits:

4774581 [Chris Fregly] updated docs, renamed retry to retryRandom to be more clear, removed retries around store() method
0393795 [Chris Fregly] moved Kinesis examples out of examples/ and back into extras/kinesis-asl
691a6be [Chris Fregly] fixed tests and formatting, fixed a bug with JavaKinesisWordCount during union of streams
0e1c67b [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
74e5c7c [Chris Fregly] updated per TD's feedback.  simplified examples, updated docs
e33cbeb [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
bf614e9 [Chris Fregly] per matei's feedback:  moved the kinesis examples into the examples/ dir
d17ca6d [Chris Fregly] per TD's feedback:  updated docs, simplified the KinesisUtils api
912640c [Chris Fregly] changed the foundKinesis class to be a publically-avail class
db3eefd [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
21de67f [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
6c39561 [Chris Fregly] parameterized the versions of the aws java sdk and kinesis client
338997e [Chris Fregly] improve build docs for kinesis
828f8ae [Chris Fregly] more cleanup
e7c8978 [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
cd68c0d [Chris Fregly] fixed typos and backward compatibility
d18e680 [Chris Fregly] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
b3b0ff1 [Chris Fregly] [SPARK-1981] Add AWS Kinesis streaming support

Trivial fix.

Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>

Closes #1050 from ScrapCodes/SPARK-2109/pyspark-script-bug and squashes the following commits:

77072b9 [Prashant Sharma] Changed echos to redirect to STDERR.
13f48a0 [Prashant Sharma] [SPARK-2109] Setting SPARK_MEM for bin/pyspark does not work.

Old code can only be ran under spark_home and use "bin/run-example".
 Error "./run-example: line 55: ./bin/spark-submit: No such file or directory" appears when running in other place. So change this

Author: maji2014 <maji3@asiainfo-linkage.com>

Closes #1011 from maji2014/master and squashes the following commits:

2cc1af6 [maji2014] Update run-example

Closes #988.

- Look for JARs in the right place
- Launch examples the same way as on Unix
- Load datanucleus JARs if they exist
- Don't attempt to parse local paths as URIs in SparkSubmit, since paths with C:\ are not valid URIs
- Also fixed POM exclusion rules for datanucleus (it wasn't properly excluding it, whereas SBT was)

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #819 from mateiz/win-fixes and squashes the following commits:

d558f96 [Matei Zaharia] Fix comment
228577b [Matei Zaharia] Review comments
d3b71c7 [Matei Zaharia] Properly exclude datanucleus files in Maven assembly
144af84 [Matei Zaharia] Update Windows scripts to match latest binary package layout

Gives a nicely formatted message to the user when `run-example` is run to
tell them to use `spark-submit`.

Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>

Closes #704 from pwendell/examples and squashes the following commits:

1996ee8 [Patrick Wendell] Feedback form Andrew
3eb7803 [Patrick Wendell] Suggestions from TD
2474668 [Patrick Wendell] SPARK-1565 (Addendum): Replace `run-example` with `spark-submit`.

1. Makes assembly and examples jar naming consistent in maven/sbt.
2. Updates make-distribution.sh to use Maven and fixes some bugs.
3. Updates the create-release script to call make-distribution script.

Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>

Closes #502 from pwendell/make-distribution and squashes the following commits:

1a97f0d [Patrick Wendell] SPARK-1119 and other build improvements

Over time as we've added more deployment modes, this have gotten a bit unwieldy with user-facing configuration options in Spark. Going forward we'll advise all users to run `spark-submit` to launch applications. This is a WIP patch but it makes the following improvements:

1. Improved `spark-env.sh.template` which was missing a lot of things users now set in that file.
2. Removes the shipping of SPARK_CLASSPATH, SPARK_JAVA_OPTS, and SPARK_LIBRARY_PATH to the executors on the cluster. This was an ugly hack. Instead it introduces config variables spark.executor.extraJavaOpts, spark.executor.extraLibraryPath, and spark.executor.extraClassPath.
3. Adds ability to set these same variables for the driver using `spark-submit`.
4. Allows you to load system properties from a `spark-defaults.conf` file when running `spark-submit`. This will allow setting both SparkConf options and other system properties utilized by `spark-submit`.
5. Made `SPARK_LOCAL_IP` an environment variable rather than a SparkConf property. This is more consistent with it being set on each node.

Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>

Closes #299 from pwendell/config-cleanup and squashes the following commits:

127f301 [Patrick Wendell] Improvements to testing
a006464 [Patrick Wendell] Moving properties file template.
b4b496c [Patrick Wendell] spark-defaults.properties -> spark-defaults.conf
0086939 [Patrick Wendell] Minor style fixes
af09e3e [Patrick Wendell] Mention config file in docs and clean-up docs
b16e6a2 [Patrick Wendell] Cleanup of spark-submit script and Scala quick start guide
af0adf7 [Patrick Wendell] Automatically add user jar
a56b125 [Patrick Wendell] Responses to Tom's review
d50c388 [Patrick Wendell] Merge remote-tracking branch 'apache/master' into config-cleanup
a762901 [Patrick Wendell] Fixing test failures
ffa00fe [Patrick Wendell] Review feedback
fda0301 [Patrick Wendell] Note
308f1f6 [Patrick Wendell] Properly escape quotes and other clean-up for YARN
e83cd8f [Patrick Wendell] Changes to allow re-use of test applications
be42f35 [Patrick Wendell] Handle case where SPARK_HOME is not set
c2a2909 [Patrick Wendell] Test compile fixes
4ee6f9d [Patrick Wendell] Making YARN doc changes consistent
afc9ed8 [Patrick Wendell] Cleaning up line limits and two compile errors.
b08893b [Patrick Wendell] Additional improvements.
ace4ead [Patrick Wendell] Responses to review feedback.
b72d183 [Patrick Wendell] Review feedback for spark env file
46555c1 [Patrick Wendell] Review feedback and import clean-ups
437aed1 [Patrick Wendell] Small fix
761ebcd [Patrick Wendell] Library path and classpath for drivers
7cc70e4 [Patrick Wendell] Clean up terminology inside of spark-env script
5b0ba8e [Patrick Wendell] Don't ship executor envs
84cc5e5 [Patrick Wendell] Small clean-up
1f75238 [Patrick Wendell] SPARK_JAVA_OPTS --> SPARK_MASTER_OPTS for master settings
4982331 [Patrick Wendell] Remove SPARK_LIBRARY_PATH
6eaf7d0 [Patrick Wendell] executorJavaOpts
0faa3b6 [Patrick Wendell] Stash of adding config options in submit script and YARN
ac2d65e [Patrick Wendell] Change spark.local.dir -> SPARK_LOCAL_DIRS

Various spark scripts load spark-env.sh. This can cause growth of any variables that may be appended to (SPARK_CLASSPATH, SPARK_REPL_OPTS) and it makes the precedence order for options specified in spark-env.sh less clear.

One use-case for the latter is that we want to set options from the command-line of spark-shell, but these options will be overridden by subsequent loading of spark-env.sh. If we were to load the spark-env.sh first and then set our command-line options, we could guarantee correct precedence order.

Note that we use SPARK_CONF_DIR if available to support the sbin/ scripts, which always set this variable from sbin/spark-config.sh. Otherwise, we default to the ../conf/ as usual.

Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>

Closes #184 from aarondav/idem and squashes the following commits:

e291f91 [Aaron Davidson] Use "private" variables in load-spark-env.sh
8da8360 [Aaron Davidson] Add .sh extension to load-spark-env.sh
93a2471 [Aaron Davidson] SPARK-1286: Make usage of spark-env.sh idempotent

Signed-off-by: shane-huang <shengsheng.huang@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: shane-huang <shengsheng.huang@intel.com>

This includes the following changes:
- The "assembly" package now builds in Maven by default, and creates an
  assembly containing both hadoop-client and Spark, unlike the old
  BigTop distribution assembly that skipped hadoop-client
- There is now a bigtop-dist package to build the old BigTop assembly
- The repl-bin package is no longer built by default since the scripts
  don't reply on it; instead it can be enabled with -Prepl-bin
- Py4J is now included in the assembly/lib folder as a local Maven repo,
  so that the Maven package can link to it
- run-example now adds the original Spark classpath as well because the
  Maven examples assembly lists spark-core and such as provided
- The various Maven projects add a spark-yarn dependency correctly

This commit makes Spark invocation saner by using an assembly JAR to
find all of Spark's dependencies instead of adding all the JARs in
lib_managed. It also packages the examples into an assembly and uses
that as SPARK_EXAMPLES_JAR. Finally, it replaces the old "run" script
with two better-named scripts: "run-examples" for examples, and
"spark-class" for Spark internal classes (e.g. REPL, master, etc). This
is also designed to minimize the confusion people have in trying to use
"run" to run their own classes; it's not meant to do that, but now at
least if they look at it, they can modify run-examples to do a decent
job for them.

As part of this, Bagel's examples are also now properly moved to the
examples package instead of bagel.