allow for best practice code,

```
try:
  sc = SparkContext()
  app(sc)
finally:
  sc.stop()
```

to be written using a "with" statement,

```
with SparkContext() as sc:
  app(sc)
```

Author: Matthew Farrellee <matt@redhat.com>

Closes #2335 from mattf/SPARK-3458 and squashes the following commits:

5b4e37c [Matthew Farrellee] [SPARK-3458] enable python "with" statements for SparkContext

I didn't add this to the transformations list in the docs because it's kind of obscure, but would be happy to do so if others think it would be helpful.

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #2274 from sryza/sandy-spark-2978 and squashes the following commits:

4a5332a [Sandy Ryza] Fix Java test
c04b447 [Sandy Ryza] Fix Python doc and add back deleted code
433ad5b [Sandy Ryza] Add Java test
4c25a54 [Sandy Ryza] Add s at the end and a couple other fixes
9b0ba99 [Sandy Ryza] Fix compilation
36e0571 [Sandy Ryza] Fix import ordering
48c12c2 [Sandy Ryza] Add Java version and additional doc
e5381cd [Sandy Ryza] Fix python style warnings
f147634 [Sandy Ryza] SPARK-2978. Transformation with MR shuffle semantics

This code removes the SerializingAdapter code that was copied from PiCloud

Author: Ward Viaene <ward.viaene@bigdatapartnership.com>

Closes #2287 from wardviaene/feature/pythonsys and squashes the following commits:

5f0d426 [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: modified test class to do dump and load
5f5d559 [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: modified test class name and call cloudpickle.dumps instead using StringIO
afc4a9a [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: added newlines to pass lint
aaf10b7 [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: removed references to SerializingAdapter and rewrote test
65ffeff [Ward Viaene] removed duplicate test
a958866 [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: test script
e263bf5 [Ward Viaene] SPARK-3415: removes legacy SerializingAdapter code

The underline JavaRDD for PipelineRDD is created lazily, it's delayed until call _jrdd.

The id of JavaRDD is cached as `_id`, it saves a RPC call in py4j for later calls.

closes #1276

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2296 from davies/id and squashes the following commits:

e197958 [Davies Liu] fix style
9721716 [Davies Liu] fix id of PipelineRDD

After this patch, broadcast can be used in Python UDF.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2243 from davies/udf_broadcast and squashes the following commits:

7b88861 [Davies Liu] support broadcast in UDF

RDD.countApproxDistinct(relativeSD=0.05):

        :: Experimental ::
        Return approximate number of distinct elements in the RDD.

        The algorithm used is based on streamlib's implementation of
        "HyperLogLog in Practice: Algorithmic Engineering of a State
        of The Art Cardinality Estimation Algorithm", available
        <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2452376.2452456">here</a>.

        This support all the types of objects, which is supported by
        Pyrolite, nearly all builtin types.

        param relativeSD Relative accuracy. Smaller values create
                           counters that require more space.
                           It must be greater than 0.000017.

        >>> n = sc.parallelize(range(1000)).map(str).countApproxDistinct()
        >>> 950 < n < 1050
        True
        >>> n = sc.parallelize([i % 20 for i in range(1000)]).countApproxDistinct()
        >>> 18 < n < 22
        True

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2142 from davies/countApproxDistinct and squashes the following commits:

e20da47 [Davies Liu] remove the correction in Python
c38c4e4 [Davies Liu] fix doc tests
2ab157c [Davies Liu] fix doc tests
9d2565f [Davies Liu] add commments and link for hash collision correction
d306492 [Davies Liu] change range of hash of tuple to [0, maxint]
ded624f [Davies Liu] calculate hash in Python
4cba98f [Davies Liu] add more tests
a85a8c6 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into countApproxDistinct
e97e342 [Davies Liu] add countApproxDistinct()

Using external sort to support sort large datasets in reduce stage.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1978 from davies/sort and squashes the following commits:

bbcd9ba [Davies Liu] check spilled bytes in tests
b125d2f [Davies Liu] add test for external sort in rdd
eae0176 [Davies Liu] choose different disks from different processes and instances
1f075ed [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into sort
eb53ca6 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into sort
644abaf [Davies Liu] add license in LICENSE
19f7873 [Davies Liu] improve tests
55602ee [Davies Liu] use external sort in sortBy() and sortByKey()

RDD.histogram(buckets)

        Compute a histogram using the provided buckets. The buckets
        are all open to the right except for the last which is closed.
        e.g. [1,10,20,50] means the buckets are [1,10) [10,20) [20,50],
        which means 1<=x<10, 10<=x<20, 20<=x<=50. And on the input of 1
        and 50 we would have a histogram of 1,0,1.

        If your histogram is evenly spaced (e.g. [0, 10, 20, 30]),
        this can be switched from an O(log n) inseration to O(1) per
        element(where n = # buckets).

        Buckets must be sorted and not contain any duplicates, must be
        at least two elements.

        If `buckets` is a number, it will generates buckets which is
        evenly spaced between the minimum and maximum of the RDD. For
        example, if the min value is 0 and the max is 100, given buckets
        as 2, the resulting buckets will be [0,50) [50,100]. buckets must
        be at least 1 If the RDD contains infinity, NaN throws an exception
        If the elements in RDD do not vary (max == min) always returns
        a single bucket.

        It will return an tuple of buckets and histogram.

        >>> rdd = sc.parallelize(range(51))
        >>> rdd.histogram(2)
        ([0, 25, 50], [25, 26])
        >>> rdd.histogram([0, 5, 25, 50])
        ([0, 5, 25, 50], [5, 20, 26])
        >>> rdd.histogram([0, 15, 30, 45, 60], True)
        ([0, 15, 30, 45, 60], [15, 15, 15, 6])
        >>> rdd = sc.parallelize(["ab", "ac", "b", "bd", "ef"])
        >>> rdd.histogram(("a", "b", "c"))
        (('a', 'b', 'c'), [2, 2])

closes #122, it's duplicated.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2091 from davies/histgram and squashes the following commits:

a322f8a [Davies Liu] fix deprecation of e.message
84e85fa [Davies Liu] remove evenBuckets, add more tests (including str)
d9a0722 [Davies Liu] address comments
0e18a2d [Davies Liu] add histgram() API

If two RDDs have different batch size in serializers, then it will try to re-serialize the one with smaller batch size, then call RDD.zip() in Spark.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1894 from davies/zip and squashes the following commits:

c4652ea [Davies Liu] add more test cases
6d05fc8 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into zip
813b1e4 [Davies Liu] add more tests for failed cases
a4aafda [Davies Liu] fix zip with serializers which have different batch sizes.

bugfix: It will raise an exception when it try to encode non-ASCII strings into unicode. It should only encode unicode as "utf-8".

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2018 from davies/fix_utf8 and squashes the following commits:

4db7967 [Davies Liu] fix saveAsTextFile() with utf-8

Passing large object by py4j is very slow (cost much memory), so pass broadcast objects via files (similar to parallelize()).

Add an option to keep object in driver (it's False by default) to save memory in driver.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1912 from davies/broadcast and squashes the following commits:

e06df4a [Davies Liu] load broadcast from disk in driver automatically
db3f232 [Davies Liu] fix serialization of accumulator
631a827 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into broadcast
c7baa8c [Davies Liu] compress serrialized broadcast and command
9a7161f [Davies Liu] fix doc tests
e93cf4b [Davies Liu] address comments: add test
6226189 [Davies Liu] improve large broadcast

- Modify python/run-tests to test with Python 2.6
- Use unittest2 when running on Python 2.6.
- Fix issue with namedtuple.
- Skip TestOutputFormat.test_newhadoop on Python 2.6 until SPARK-2951 is fixed.
- Fix MLlib _deserialize_double on Python 2.6.

Closes #1868.  Closes #1042.

Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@apache.org>

Closes #1874 from JoshRosen/python2.6 and squashes the following commits:

983d259 [Josh Rosen] [SPARK-2954] Fix MLlib _deserialize_double on Python 2.6.
5d18fd7 [Josh Rosen] [SPARK-2948] [SPARK-2910] [SPARK-2101] Python 2.6 fixes

As described in [SPARK-2627](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2627), we'd like Python code to automatically be checked for PEP 8 compliance by Jenkins. This pull request aims to do that.

Notes:
* We may need to install [`pep8`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pep8) on the build server.
* I'm expecting tests to fail now that PEP 8 compliance is being checked as part of the build. I'm fine with cleaning up any remaining PEP 8 violations as part of this pull request.
* I did not understand why the RAT and scalastyle reports are saved to text files. I did the same for the PEP 8 check, but only so that the console output style can match those for the RAT and scalastyle checks. The PEP 8 report is removed right after the check is complete.
* Updates to the ["Contributing to Spark"](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/SPARK/Contributing+to+Spark) guide will be submitted elsewhere, as I don't believe that text is part of the Spark repo.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>
Author: nchammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #1744 from nchammas/master and squashes the following commits:

274b238 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] [PySpark] minor indentation changes
983d963 [nchammas] Merge pull request #5 from apache/master
1db5314 [nchammas] Merge pull request #4 from apache/master
0e0245f [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] undo erroneous whitespace fixes
bf30942 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] PEP8: comment spacing
6db9a44 [nchammas] Merge pull request #3 from apache/master
7b4750e [Nicholas Chammas] merge upstream changes
91b7584 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] undo unnecessary line breaks
44e3e56 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] use tox.ini to exclude files
b09fae2 [Nicholas Chammas] don't wrap comments unnecessarily
bfb9f9f [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] keep up with the PEP 8 fixes
9da347f [nchammas] Merge pull request #2 from apache/master
aa5b4b5 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] follow Spark bash style for if blocks
d0a83b9 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] check that pep8 downloaded fine
dffb5dd [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] download pep8 at runtime
a1ce7ae [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] space out test report sections
21da538 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] it's PEP 8, not PEP8
6f4900b [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] more misc PEP 8 fixes
fe57ed0 [Nicholas Chammas] removing merge conflict backups
9c01d4c [nchammas] Merge pull request #1 from apache/master
9a66cb0 [Nicholas Chammas] resolving merge conflicts
a31ccc4 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] miscellaneous PEP 8 fixes
beaa9ac [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] fail check on non-zero status
723ed39 [Nicholas Chammas] always delete the report file
0541ebb [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] call Python linter from run-tests
12440fa [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] add Scala linter
61c07b9 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2627] add Python linter
75ad552 [Nicholas Chammas] make check output style consistent

Add an hook to replace original namedtuple with an pickable one, then namedtuple could be used in RDDs.

PS: pyspark should be import BEFORE "from collections import namedtuple"

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1623 from davies/namedtuple and squashes the following commits:

045dad8 [Davies Liu] remove unrelated code changes
4132f32 [Davies Liu] address comment
55b1c1a [Davies Liu] fix tests
61f86eb [Davies Liu] replace all the reference of namedtuple to new hacked one
98df6c6 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into namedtuple
f7b1bde [Davies Liu] add hack for CloudPickleSerializer
0c5c849 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into namedtuple
21991e6 [Davies Liu] hack namedtuple in __main__ module, make it picklable.
93b03b8 [Davies Liu] pickable namedtuple

Kill only the python worker related to cancelled tasks.

The daemon will start a background thread to monitor all the opened sockets for all workers. If the socket is closed by JVM, this thread will kill the worker.

When an task is cancelled, the socket to worker will be closed, then the worker will be killed by deamon.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1643 from davies/kill and squashes the following commits:

8ffe9f3 [Davies Liu] kill worker by deamon, because runtime.exec() is too heavy
46ca150 [Davies Liu] address comment
acd751c [Davies Liu] kill the worker when task is canceled

These changes allow StatCounters to work properly on NumPy arrays, to fix the issue reported here  (https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2012).

If NumPy is installed, the NumPy functions ``maximum``, ``minimum``, and ``sqrt``, which work on arrays, are used to merge statistics. If not, we fall back on scalar operators, so it will work on arrays with NumPy, but will also work without NumPy.

New unit tests added, along with a check for NumPy in the tests.

Author: Jeremy Freeman <the.freeman.lab@gmail.com>

Closes #1725 from freeman-lab/numpy-max-statcounter and squashes the following commits:

fe973b1 [Jeremy Freeman] Avoid duplicate array import in tests
7f0e397 [Jeremy Freeman] Refactored check for numpy
8e764dd [Jeremy Freeman] Explicit numpy imports
875414c [Jeremy Freeman] Fixed indents
1c8a832 [Jeremy Freeman] Unit tests for StatCounter with NumPy arrays
176a127 [Jeremy Freeman] Use numpy arrays in StatCounter

JIRA issue: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2024

This PR is a followup to #455 and adds capabilities for saving PySpark RDDs using SequenceFile or any Hadoop OutputFormats.

* Added RDD methods ```saveAsSequenceFile```, ```saveAsHadoopFile``` and ```saveAsHadoopDataset```, for both old and new MapReduce APIs.

* Default converter for converting common data types to Writables. Users may specify custom converters to convert to desired data types.

* No out-of-box support for reading/writing arrays, since ArrayWritable itself doesn't have a no-arg constructor for creating an empty instance upon reading. Users need to provide ArrayWritable subtypes. Custom converters for converting arrays to suitable ArrayWritable subtypes are also needed when writing. When reading, the default converter will convert any custom ArrayWritable subtypes to ```Object[]``` and they get pickled to Python tuples.

* Added HBase and Cassandra output examples to show how custom output formats and converters can be used.

cc MLnick mateiz ahirreddy pwendell

Author: Kan Zhang <kzhang@apache.org>

Closes #1338 from kanzhang/SPARK-2024 and squashes the following commits:

c01e3ef [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] code formatting
6591e37 [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] renaming pickled -> pickledRDD
d998ad6 [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] refectoring to get method params below 10
57a7a5e [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] correcting typo
75ca5bd [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] Better type checking for batch serialized RDD
0bdec55 [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] Refactoring newly added tests
9f39ff4 [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] Adding 2 saveAsHadoopDataset tests
0c134f3 [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] Test refactoring and adding couple unbatched cases
7a176df [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-2024] Add saveAsSequenceFile to PySpark

fix the problem with pickle operator.itemgetter with multiple index.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1627 from davies/itemgetter and squashes the following commits:

aabd7fa [Davies Liu] fix pickle itemgetter with cloudpickle

During rdd.take(n), JVM will close the socket if it had got enough data, the Python worker should keep silent in this case.

In the same time, the worker should not print the trackback into stderr if it send the traceback to JVM successfully.

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1625 from davies/error and squashes the following commits:

4fbcc6d [Davies Liu] disable log4j during testing when exception is expected.
cc14202 [Davies Liu] keep silent in worker if JVM close the socket

This addresses a PySpark issue where a failed attempt to construct SparkContext would prevent any future SparkContext creation.

Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@apache.org>

Closes #1606 from JoshRosen/SPARK-1550 and squashes the following commits:

ec7fadc [Josh Rosen] [SPARK-1550] [PySpark] Allow SparkContext creation after failed attempts

Similar to SPARK-1034, the problem was that Py4J didn’t cope well with the fake ClassTags used in the Java API.  It doesn’t look like there’s any reason why PythonRDD needs to take a ClassTag, since it just ignores the type of the previous RDD, so I removed the type parameter and we no longer pass ClassTags from Python.

Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@apache.org>

Closes #1605 from JoshRosen/spark-2601 and squashes the following commits:

b68e118 [Josh Rosen] Fix Py4J error when transforming pickleFiles [SPARK-2601]

During aggregation in Python worker, if the memory usage is above spark.executor.memory, it will do disk spilling aggregation.

It will split the aggregation into multiple stage, in each stage, it will partition the aggregated data by hash and dump them into disks. After all the data are aggregated, it will merge all the stages together (partition by partition).

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1460 from davies/spill and squashes the following commits:

cad91bf [Davies Liu] call gc.collect() after data.clear() to release memory as much as possible.
37d71f7 [Davies Liu] balance the partitions
902f036 [Davies Liu] add shuffle.py into run-tests
dcf03a9 [Davies Liu] fix memory_info() of psutil
67e6eba [Davies Liu] comment for MAX_TOTAL_PARTITIONS
f6bd5d6 [Davies Liu] rollback next_limit() again, the performance difference is huge:
e74b785 [Davies Liu] fix code style and change next_limit to memory_limit
400be01 [Davies Liu] address all the comments
6178844 [Davies Liu] refactor and improve docs
fdd0a49 [Davies Liu] add long doc string for ExternalMerger
1a97ce4 [Davies Liu] limit used memory and size of objects in partitionBy()
e6cc7f9 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into spill
3652583 [Davies Liu] address comments
e78a0a0 [Davies Liu] fix style
24cec6a [Davies Liu] get local directory by SPARK_LOCAL_DIR
57ee7ef [Davies Liu] update docs
286aaff [Davies Liu] let spilled aggregation in Python configurable
e9a40f6 [Davies Liu] recursive merger
6edbd1f [Davies Liu] Hash based disk spilling aggregation

This pull request aims to resolve all outstanding PEP8 violations in PySpark.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>
Author: nchammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #1505 from nchammas/master and squashes the following commits:

98171af [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] revert PEP 8 fixes to cloudpickle
cba7768 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] wrap expression list in parentheses
e178dbe [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] style - change position of line break
9127d2b [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] wrap expression lists in parentheses
22132a4 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] wrap conditionals in parentheses
24639bc [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] fix whitespace for doctest
7d557b7 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to tests.py
8f8e4c0 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to storagelevel.py
b3b96cf [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to statcounter.py
d644477 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to worker.py
aa3a7b6 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to sql.py
1916859 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to shell.py
95d1d95 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to serializers.py
a0fec2e [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to mllib
c85e1e5 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to join.py
d14f2f1 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to __init__.py
81fcb20 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to resultiterable.py
1bde265 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to java_gateway.py
7fc849c [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to daemon.py
ca2d28b [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to context.py
f4e0039 [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to conf.py
a6d5e4b [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to cloudpickle.py
f0a7ebf [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2470] PEP8 fixes to rddsampler.py
4dd148f [nchammas] Merge pull request #5 from apache/master
f7e4581 [Nicholas Chammas] unrelated pep8 fix
a36eed0 [Nicholas Chammas] name ec2 instances and security groups consistently
de7292a [nchammas] Merge pull request #4 from apache/master
2e4fe00 [nchammas] Merge pull request #3 from apache/master
89fde08 [nchammas] Merge pull request #2 from apache/master
69f6e22 [Nicholas Chammas] PEP8 fixes
2627247 [Nicholas Chammas] broke up lines before they hit 100 chars
6544b7e [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-2065] give launched instances names
69da6cf [nchammas] Merge pull request #1 from apache/master

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #705 from sryza/sandy-spark-554 and squashes the following commits:

2302b8f [Sandy Ryza] Add MIMA exclude
f52e0ad [Sandy Ryza] Fix Python tests for real
2f3afa3 [Sandy Ryza] Fix Python test
0b735e9 [Sandy Ryza] Fix line lengths
ae56746 [Sandy Ryza] Fix doc (replace T with V)
c2be415 [Sandy Ryza] Java and Python aggregateByKey
23bf400 [Sandy Ryza] SPARK-554.  Add aggregateByKey.

So I finally resurrected this PR. It seems the old one against the incubator mirror is no longer available, so I cannot reference it.

This adds initial support for reading Hadoop ```SequenceFile```s, as well as arbitrary Hadoop ```InputFormat```s, in PySpark.

# Overview
The basics are as follows:
1. ```PythonRDD``` object contains the relevant methods, that are in turn invoked by ```SparkContext``` in PySpark
2. The SequenceFile or InputFormat is read on the Scala side and converted from ```Writable``` instances to the relevant Scala classes (in the case of primitives)
3. Pyrolite is used to serialize Java objects. If this fails, the fallback is ```toString```
4. ```PickleSerializer``` on the Python side deserializes.

This works "out the box" for simple ```Writable```s:
* ```Text```
* ```IntWritable```, ```DoubleWritable```, ```FloatWritable```
* ```NullWritable```
* ```BooleanWritable```
* ```BytesWritable```
* ```MapWritable```

It also works for simple, "struct-like" classes. Due to the way Pyrolite works, this requires that the classes satisfy the JavaBeans convenstions (i.e. with fields and a no-arg constructor and getters/setters). (Perhaps in future some sugar for case classes and reflection could be added).

I've tested it out with ```ESInputFormat```  as an example and it works very nicely:
```python
conf = {"es.resource" : "index/type" }
rdd = sc.newAPIHadoopRDD("org.elasticsearch.hadoop.mr.EsInputFormat", "org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable", "org.elasticsearch.hadoop.mr.LinkedMapWritable", conf=conf)
rdd.first()
```

I suspect for things like HBase/Cassandra it will be a bit trickier to get it to work out the box.

# Some things still outstanding:
1. ~~Requires ```msgpack-python``` and will fail without it. As originally discussed with Josh, add a ```as_strings``` argument that defaults to ```False```, that can be used if ```msgpack-python``` is not available~~
2. ~~I see from https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/363 that Pyrolite is being used there for SerDe between Scala and Python. @ahirreddy @mateiz what is the plan behind this - is Pyrolite preferred? It seems from a cursory glance that adapting the ```msgpack```-based SerDe here to use Pyrolite wouldn't be too hard~~
3. ~~Support the key and value "wrapper" that would allow a Scala/Java function to be plugged in that would transform whatever the key/value Writable class is into something that can be serialized (e.g. convert some custom Writable to a JavaBean or ```java.util.Map``` that can be easily serialized)~~
4. Support ```saveAsSequenceFile``` and ```saveAsHadoopFile``` etc. This would require SerDe in the reverse direction, that can be handled by Pyrolite. Will work on this as a separate PR

Author: Nick Pentreath <nick.pentreath@gmail.com>

Closes #455 from MLnick/pyspark-inputformats and squashes the following commits:

268df7e [Nick Pentreath] Documentation changes mer @pwendell comments
761269b [Nick Pentreath] Address @pwendell comments, simplify default writable conversions and remove registry.
4c972d8 [Nick Pentreath] Add license headers
d150431 [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
cde6af9 [Nick Pentreath] Parameterize converter trait
5ebacfa [Nick Pentreath] Update docs for PySpark input formats
a985492 [Nick Pentreath] Move Converter examples to own package
365d0be [Nick Pentreath] Make classes private[python]. Add docs and @Experimental annotation to Converter interface.
eeb8205 [Nick Pentreath] Fix path relative to SPARK_HOME in tests
1eaa08b [Nick Pentreath] HBase -> Cassandra app name oversight
3f90c3e [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
2c18513 [Nick Pentreath] Add examples for reading HBase and Cassandra InputFormats from Python
b65606f [Nick Pentreath] Add converter interface
5757f6e [Nick Pentreath] Default key/value classes for sequenceFile asre None
085b55f [Nick Pentreath] Move input format tests to tests.py and clean up docs
43eb728 [Nick Pentreath] PySpark InputFormats docs into programming guide
94beedc [Nick Pentreath] Clean up args in PythonRDD. Set key/value converter defaults to None for PySpark context.py methods
1a4a1d6 [Nick Pentreath] Address @mateiz style comments
01e0813 [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
15a7d07 [Nick Pentreath] Remove default args for key/value classes. Arg names to camelCase
9fe6bd5 [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
84fe8e3 [Nick Pentreath] Python programming guide space formatting
d0f52b6 [Nick Pentreath] Python programming guide
7caa73a [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
93ef995 [Nick Pentreath] Add back context.py changes
9ef1896 [Nick Pentreath] Recover earlier changes lost in previous merge for serializers.py
077ecb2 [Nick Pentreath] Recover earlier changes lost in previous merge for context.py
5af4770 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
35b8e3a [Nick Pentreath] Another fix for test ordering
bef3afb [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
e001b94 [Nick Pentreath] Fix test failures due to ordering
78978d9 [Nick Pentreath] Add doc for SequenceFile and InputFormat support to Python programming guide
64eb051 [Nick Pentreath] Scalastyle fix
e7552fa [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
44f2857 [Nick Pentreath] Remove msgpack dependency and switch serialization to Pyrolite, plus some clean up and refactoring
c0ebfb6 [Nick Pentreath] Change sequencefile test data generator to easily be called from PySpark tests
1d7c17c [Nick Pentreath] Amend tests to auto-generate sequencefile data in temp dir
17a656b [Nick Pentreath] remove binary sequencefile for tests
f60959e [Nick Pentreath] Remove msgpack dependency and serializer from PySpark
450e0a2 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
31a2fff [Nick Pentreath] Scalastyle fixes
fc5099e [Nick Pentreath] Add Apache license headers
4e08983 [Nick Pentreath] Clean up docs for PySpark context methods
b20ec7e [Nick Pentreath] Clean up merge duplicate dependencies
951c117 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
f6aac55 [Nick Pentreath] Bring back msgpack
9d2256e [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
1bbbfb0 [Nick Pentreath] Clean up SparkBuild from merge
a67dfad [Nick Pentreath] Clean up Msgpack serialization and registering
7237263 [Nick Pentreath] Add back msgpack serializer and hadoop file code lost during merging
25da1ca [Nick Pentreath] Add generator for nulls, bools, bytes and maps
65360d5 [Nick Pentreath] Adding test SequenceFiles
0c612e5 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
d72bf18 [Nick Pentreath] msgpack
dd57922 [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
e67212a [Nick Pentreath] Add back msgpack dependency
f2d76a0 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
41856a5 [Nick Pentreath] Merge branch 'master' into pyspark-inputformats
97ef708 [Nick Pentreath] Remove old writeToStream
2beeedb [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
795a763 [Nick Pentreath] Change name to WriteInputFormatTestDataGenerator. Cleanup some var names. Use SPARK_HOME in path for writing test sequencefile data.
174f520 [Nick Pentreath] Add back graphx settings
703ee65 [Nick Pentreath] Add back msgpack
619c0fa [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
1c8efbc [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
eb40036 [Nick Pentreath] Remove unused comment lines
4d7ef2e [Nick Pentreath] Fix indentation
f1d73e3 [Nick Pentreath] mergeConfs returns a copy rather than mutating one of the input arguments
0f5cd84 [Nick Pentreath] Remove unused pair UTF8 class. Add comments to msgpack deserializer
4294cbb [Nick Pentreath] Add old Hadoop api methods. Clean up and expand comments. Clean up argument names
818a1e6 [Nick Pentreath] Add seqencefile and Hadoop InputFormat support to PythonRDD
4e7c9e3 [Nick Pentreath] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into pyspark-inputformats
c304cc8 [Nick Pentreath] Adding supporting sequncefiles for tests. Cleaning up
4b0a43f [Nick Pentreath] Refactoring utils into own objects. Cleaning up old commented-out code
d86325f [Nick Pentreath] Initial WIP of PySpark support for SequenceFile and arbitrary Hadoop InputFormat

stop resetting spark.driver.port in unit tests (scala, java and python).

Author: Syed Hashmi <shashmi@cloudera.com>
Author: CodingCat <zhunansjtu@gmail.com>

Closes #943 from syedhashmi/master and squashes the following commits:

885f210 [Syed Hashmi] Removing unnecessary file (created by mergetool)
b8bd4b5 [Syed Hashmi] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
b895e59 [Syed Hashmi] Revert "[SPARK-1784] Add a new partitioner"
57b6587 [Syed Hashmi] Revert "[SPARK-1784] Add a balanced partitioner"
1574769 [Syed Hashmi] [SPARK-1942] Stop clearing spark.driver.port in unit tests
4354836 [Syed Hashmi] Revert "SPARK-1686: keep schedule() calling in the main thread"
fd36542 [Syed Hashmi] [SPARK-1784] Add a balanced partitioner
6668015 [CodingCat] SPARK-1686: keep schedule() calling in the main thread
4ca94cc [Syed Hashmi] [SPARK-1784] Add a new partitioner

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1917

Author: Uri Laserson <laserson@cloudera.com>

Closes #866 from laserson/SPARK-1917 and squashes the following commits:

d947e8c [Uri Laserson] Added test for scipy.special importing
1798bbd [Uri Laserson] SPARK-1917: fix PySpark import of scipy.special

This PR updates spark-submit to allow submitting Python scripts (currently only with deploy-mode=client, but that's all that was supported before) and updates the PySpark code to properly find various paths, etc. One significant change is that we assume we can always find the Python files either from the Spark assembly JAR (which will happen with the Maven assembly build in make-distribution.sh) or from SPARK_HOME (which will exist in local mode even if you use sbt assembly, and should be enough for testing). This means we no longer need a weird hack to modify the environment for YARN.

This patch also updates the Python worker manager to run python with -u, which means unbuffered output (send it to our logs right away instead of waiting a while after stuff was written); this should simplify debugging.

In addition, it fixes https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1709, setting the main class from a JAR's Main-Class attribute if not specified by the user, and fixes a few help strings and style issues in spark-submit.

In the future we may want to make the `pyspark` shell use spark-submit as well, but it seems unnecessary for 1.0.

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #664 from mateiz/py-submit and squashes the following commits:

15e9669 [Matei Zaharia] Fix some uses of path.separator property
051278c [Matei Zaharia] Small style fixes
0afe886 [Matei Zaharia] Add license headers
4650412 [Matei Zaharia] Add pyFiles to PYTHONPATH in executors, remove old YARN stuff, add tests
15f8e1e [Matei Zaharia] Set PYTHONPATH in PythonWorkerFactory in case it wasn't set from outside
47c0655 [Matei Zaharia] More work to make spark-submit work with Python:
d4375bd [Matei Zaharia] Clean up description of spark-submit args a bit and add Python ones

This reopens https://github.com/apache/incubator-spark/pull/640 against the new repo

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #30 from sryza/sandy-spark-1004 and squashes the following commits:

89889d4 [Sandy Ryza] Move unzipping py4j to the generate-resources phase so that it gets included in the jar the first time
5165a02 [Sandy Ryza] Fix docs
fd0df79 [Sandy Ryza] PySpark on YARN

Fixes SPARK-970.

For now, this only adds MarshalSerializer, but it lays the groundwork
for other supporting custom serializers.  Many of these mechanisms
can also be used to support deserialization of different data formats
sent by Java, such as data encoded by MsgPack.

This also fixes a bug in SparkContext.union().

Implementing SPARK-878 for PySpark: adding zip and egg files to context and passing it down to workers which add these to their sys.path

The problem was that the gateway was being initialized whenever the
pyspark.context module was loaded.  The fix uses lazy initialization
that occurs only when SparkContext instances are actually constructed.

I also made the gateway and jvm variables private.

This change results in ~3-4x performance improvement when running the
PySpark unit tests.