[SPARK-14719] WriteAheadLogBasedBlockHandler should ignore BlockManager put errors

WriteAheadLogBasedBlockHandler will currently throw exceptions if its BlockManager `put()` calls fail, even though those calls are only performed as a performance optimization. Instead, it should log and ignore exceptions during that `put()`.

This is a longstanding issue that was masked by an incorrect test case. I think that we haven't noticed this in production because

1. most people probably use a `MEMORY_AND_DISK` storage level, and
2. typically, individual blocks may be small enough relative to the total storage memory such that they're able to evict blocks from previous batches, so `put()` failures here may be rare in practice.

This patch fixes the faulty test and fixes the bug.

/cc tdas

Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@databricks.com>

Closes #12484 from JoshRosen/received-block-hadndler-fix.