[SPARK-18675][SQL] CTAS for hive serde table should work for all hive versions

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Before hive 1.1, when inserting into a table, hive will create the staging directory under a common scratch directory. After the writing is finished, hive will simply empty the table directory and move the staging directory to it.

After hive 1.1, hive will create the staging directory under the table directory, and when moving staging directory to table directory, hive will still empty the table directory, but will exclude the staging directory there.

In `InsertIntoHiveTable`, we simply copy the code from hive 1.2, which means we will always create the staging directory under the table directory, no matter what the hive version is. This causes problems if the hive version is prior to 1.1, because the staging directory will be removed by hive when hive is trying to empty the table directory.

This PR copies the code from hive 0.13, so that we have 2 branches to create staging directory. If hive version is prior to 1.1, we'll go to the old style branch(i.e. create the staging directory under a common scratch directory), else, go to the new style branch(i.e. create the staging directory under the table directory)

## How was this patch tested?

new test

Author: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

Closes #16104 from cloud-fan/hive-0.13.

sql/hive/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/InsertIntoHiveTable.scala

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import java.net.URI
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
 import java.util.{Date, Locale, Random}
 
-import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.{FileSystem, Path}
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.FileUtils
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.TaskRunner
@@ -86,6 +85,7 @@ case class InsertIntoHiveTable(
 
   val hadoopConf = sessionState.newHadoopConf()
   val stagingDir = hadoopConf.get("hive.exec.stagingdir", ".hive-staging")
+  val scratchDir = hadoopConf.get("hive.exec.scratchdir", "/tmp/hive")
 
   private def executionId: String = {
     val rand: Random = new Random
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ case class InsertIntoHiveTable(
     "hive_" + format.format(new Date) + "_" + Math.abs(rand.nextLong)
   }
 
-  private def getStagingDir(inputPath: Path, hadoopConf: Configuration): Path = {
+  private def getStagingDir(inputPath: Path): Path = {
     val inputPathUri: URI = inputPath.toUri
     val inputPathName: String = inputPathUri.getPath
     val fs: FileSystem = inputPath.getFileSystem(hadoopConf)
@@ -121,21 +121,69 @@ case class InsertIntoHiveTable(
     return dir
   }
 
-  private def getExternalScratchDir(extURI: URI, hadoopConf: Configuration): Path = {
-    getStagingDir(new Path(extURI.getScheme, extURI.getAuthority, extURI.getPath), hadoopConf)
+  private def getExternalScratchDir(extURI: URI): Path = {
+    getStagingDir(new Path(extURI.getScheme, extURI.getAuthority, extURI.getPath))
   }
 
-  def getExternalTmpPath(path: Path, hadoopConf: Configuration): Path = {
+  def getExternalTmpPath(path: Path): Path = {
+    import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.hive._
+
+    val hiveVersion = externalCatalog.asInstanceOf[HiveExternalCatalog].client.version
+    // Before Hive 1.1, when inserting into a table, Hive will create the staging directory under
+    // a common scratch directory. After the writing is finished, Hive will simply empty the table
+    // directory and move the staging directory to it.
+    // After Hive 1.1, Hive will create the staging directory under the table directory, and when
+    // moving staging directory to table directory, Hive will still empty the table directory, but
+    // will exclude the staging directory there.
+    // We have to follow the Hive behavior here, to avoid troubles. For example, if we create
+    // staging directory under the table director for Hive prior to 1.1, the staging directory will
+    // be removed by Hive when Hive is trying to empty the table directory.
+    if (hiveVersion == v12 || hiveVersion == v13 || hiveVersion == v14 || hiveVersion == v1_0) {
+      oldVersionExternalTempPath(path)
+    } else if (hiveVersion == v1_1 || hiveVersion == v1_2) {
+      newVersionExternalTempPath(path)
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported hive version: " + hiveVersion.fullVersion)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Mostly copied from Context.java#getExternalTmpPath of Hive 0.13
+  def oldVersionExternalTempPath(path: Path): Path = {
+    val extURI: URI = path.toUri
+    val scratchPath = new Path(scratchDir, executionId)
+    var dirPath = new Path(
+      extURI.getScheme,
+      extURI.getAuthority,
+      scratchPath.toUri.getPath + "-" + TaskRunner.getTaskRunnerID())
+
+    try {
+      val fs: FileSystem = dirPath.getFileSystem(hadoopConf)
+      dirPath = new Path(fs.makeQualified(dirPath).toString())
+
+      if (!FileUtils.mkdir(fs, dirPath, true, hadoopConf)) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot create staging directory: " + dirPath.toString)
+      }
+      fs.deleteOnExit(dirPath)
+    } catch {
+      case e: IOException =>
+        throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create staging directory: " + dirPath.toString, e)
+
+    }
+    dirPath
+  }
+
+  // Mostly copied from Context.java#getExternalTmpPath of Hive 1.2
+  def newVersionExternalTempPath(path: Path): Path = {
     val extURI: URI = path.toUri
     if (extURI.getScheme == "viewfs") {
-      getExtTmpPathRelTo(path.getParent, hadoopConf)
+      getExtTmpPathRelTo(path.getParent)
     } else {
-      new Path(getExternalScratchDir(extURI, hadoopConf), "-ext-10000")
+      new Path(getExternalScratchDir(extURI), "-ext-10000")
     }
   }
 
-  def getExtTmpPathRelTo(path: Path, hadoopConf: Configuration): Path = {
-    new Path(getStagingDir(path, hadoopConf), "-ext-10000") // Hive uses 10000
+  def getExtTmpPathRelTo(path: Path): Path = {
+    new Path(getStagingDir(path), "-ext-10000") // Hive uses 10000
   }
 
   private def saveAsHiveFile(
@@ -172,7 +220,7 @@ case class InsertIntoHiveTable(
     // instances within the closure, since Serializer is not serializable while TableDesc is.
     val tableDesc = table.tableDesc
     val tableLocation = table.hiveQlTable.getDataLocation
-    val tmpLocation = getExternalTmpPath(tableLocation, hadoopConf)
+    val tmpLocation = getExternalTmpPath(tableLocation)
     val fileSinkConf = new FileSinkDesc(tmpLocation.toString, tableDesc, false)
     val isCompressed = hadoopConf.get("hive.exec.compress.output", "false").toBoolean
 

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/client/VersionsSuite.scala

@@ -26,13 +26,15 @@ import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkFunSuite
 import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
-import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{AnalysisException, Row}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.{FunctionIdentifier, TableIdentifier}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.NoSuchPermanentFunctionException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{AttributeReference, EqualTo, Literal}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.quietly
 import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.test.TestHiveSingleton
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SQLTestUtils
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.IntegerType
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType
 import org.apache.spark.tags.ExtendedHiveTest
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ import org.apache.spark.util.{MutableURLClassLoader, Utils}
  * is not fully tested.
  */
 @ExtendedHiveTest
-class VersionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with Logging {
+class VersionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with SQLTestUtils with TestHiveSingleton with Logging {
 
   private val clientBuilder = new HiveClientBuilder
   import clientBuilder.buildClient
@@ -532,5 +534,18 @@ class VersionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with Logging {
       client.reset()
       assert(client.listTables("default").isEmpty)
     }
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // End-To-End tests
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    test(s"$version: CREATE TABLE AS SELECT") {
+      withTable("tbl") {
+        spark.sql("CREATE TABLE tbl AS SELECT 1 AS a")
+        assert(spark.table("tbl").collect().toSeq == Seq(Row(1)))
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add more tests.
   }
 }