[SPARK-19501][YARN] Reduce the number of HDFS RPCs during YARN deployment

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

As discussed in [JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-19501), this patch addresses the problem where too many HDFS RPCs are made when there are many URIs specified in `spark.yarn.jars`, potentially adding hundreds of RTTs to YARN before the application launches. This becomes significant when submitting the application to a non-local YARN cluster (where the RTT may be in order of 100ms, for example). For each URI specified, the current implementation makes at least two HDFS RPCs, for:

- [Calling `getFileStatus()` before uploading each file to the distributed cache in `ClientDistributedCacheManager.addResource()`](https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/v2.1.0/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/ClientDistributedCacheManager.scala#L71).
- [Resolving any symbolic links in each of the file URI](https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/v2.1.0/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/Client.scala#L377-L379), which repeatedly makes HDFS RPCs until the all symlinks are resolved. (see [`FileContext.resolve(Path)`](https://github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/release-2.7.1/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/FileContext.java#L2189-L2195), [`FSLinkResolver.resolve(FileContext, Path)`](https://github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/release-2.7.1/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/FSLinkResolver.java#L79-L112), and [`AbstractFileSystem.resolvePath()`](https://github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/release-2.7.1/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/AbstractFileSystem.java#L464-L468).)

The first `getFileStatus` RPC can be removed, using `statCache` populated with the file statuses retrieved with [the previous `globStatus` call](https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/v2.1.0/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/Client.scala#L531).

The second one can be largely reduced by caching the symlink resolution results in a mutable.HashMap. This patch adds a local variable in `yarn.Client.prepareLocalResources()` and passes it as an additional parameter to `yarn.Client.copyFileToRemote`.  [The symlink resolution code was added in 2013](https://github.com/apache/spark/commit/a35472e1dd2ea1b5a0b1fb6b382f5a98f5aeba5a#diff-b050df3f55b82065803d6e83453b9706R187) and has not changed since. I am assuming that this is still required, but otherwise we can remove using `symlinkCache` and symlink resolution altogether.

## How was this patch tested?

This patch is based off 8e8afb3a, currently the latest YARN patch on master. All tests except a few in spark-hive passed with `./dev/run-tests` on my machine, using JDK 1.8.0_112 on macOS 10.12.3; also tested myself with this modified version of SPARK 2.2.0-SNAPSHOT which performed a normal deployment and execution on a YARN cluster without errors.

Author: Jong Wook Kim <jongwook@nyu.edu>

Closes #16916 from jongwook/SPARK-19501.

resource-managers/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/Client.scala

@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ private[spark] class Client(
       destDir: Path,
       srcPath: Path,
       replication: Short,
+      symlinkCache: Map[URI, Path],
       force: Boolean = false,
       destName: Option[String] = None): Path = {
     val destFs = destDir.getFileSystem(hadoopConf)
@@ -343,8 +344,12 @@ private[spark] class Client(
     // Resolve any symlinks in the URI path so using a "current" symlink to point to a specific
     // version shows the specific version in the distributed cache configuration
     val qualifiedDestPath = destFs.makeQualified(destPath)
-    val fc = FileContext.getFileContext(qualifiedDestPath.toUri(), hadoopConf)
-    fc.resolvePath(qualifiedDestPath)
+    val qualifiedDestDir = qualifiedDestPath.getParent
+    val resolvedDestDir = symlinkCache.getOrElseUpdate(qualifiedDestDir.toUri(), {
+      val fc = FileContext.getFileContext(qualifiedDestDir.toUri(), hadoopConf)
+      fc.resolvePath(qualifiedDestDir)
+    })
+    new Path(resolvedDestDir, qualifiedDestPath.getName())
   }
 
   /**
@@ -400,6 +405,7 @@ private[spark] class Client(
     FileSystem.mkdirs(fs, destDir, new FsPermission(STAGING_DIR_PERMISSION))
 
     val statCache: Map[URI, FileStatus] = HashMap[URI, FileStatus]()
+    val symlinkCache: Map[URI, Path] = HashMap[URI, Path]()
 
     def addDistributedUri(uri: URI): Boolean = {
       val uriStr = uri.toString()
@@ -445,7 +451,7 @@ private[spark] class Client(
           val localPath = getQualifiedLocalPath(localURI, hadoopConf)
           val linkname = targetDir.map(_ + "/").getOrElse("") +
             destName.orElse(Option(localURI.getFragment())).getOrElse(localPath.getName())
-          val destPath = copyFileToRemote(destDir, localPath, replication)
+          val destPath = copyFileToRemote(destDir, localPath, replication, symlinkCache)
           val destFs = FileSystem.get(destPath.toUri(), hadoopConf)
           distCacheMgr.addResource(
             destFs, hadoopConf, destPath, localResources, resType, linkname, statCache,
@@ -497,8 +503,9 @@ private[spark] class Client(
               val path = getQualifiedLocalPath(Utils.resolveURI(jar), hadoopConf)
               val pathFs = FileSystem.get(path.toUri(), hadoopConf)
               pathFs.globStatus(path).filter(_.isFile()).foreach { entry =>
-                distribute(entry.getPath().toUri().toString(),
-                  targetDir = Some(LOCALIZED_LIB_DIR))
+                val uri = entry.getPath().toUri()
+                statCache.update(uri, entry)
+                distribute(uri.toString(), targetDir = Some(LOCALIZED_LIB_DIR))
               }
             } else {
               localJars += jar
@@ -614,7 +621,7 @@ private[spark] class Client(
     sparkConf.set(CACHED_CONF_ARCHIVE, remoteConfArchivePath.toString())
 
     val localConfArchive = new Path(createConfArchive().toURI())
-    copyFileToRemote(destDir, localConfArchive, replication, force = true,
+    copyFileToRemote(destDir, localConfArchive, replication, symlinkCache, force = true,
       destName = Some(LOCALIZED_CONF_ARCHIVE))
 
     // Manually add the config archive to the cache manager so that the AM is launched with

resource-managers/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/ClientDistributedCacheManager.scala

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ private[spark] class ClientDistributedCacheManager() extends Logging {
       link: String,
       statCache: Map[URI, FileStatus],
       appMasterOnly: Boolean = false): Unit = {
-    val destStatus = fs.getFileStatus(destPath)
+    val destStatus = statCache.getOrElse(destPath.toUri(), fs.getFileStatus(destPath))
     val amJarRsrc = Records.newRecord(classOf[LocalResource])
     amJarRsrc.setType(resourceType)
     val visibility = getVisibility(conf, destPath.toUri(), statCache)

resource-managers/yarn/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/ClientSuite.scala

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class ClientSuite extends SparkFunSuite with Matchers with BeforeAndAfterAll
       .set("spark.yarn.dist.jars", ADDED)
     val client = createClient(sparkConf, args = Array("--jar", USER))
     doReturn(new Path("/")).when(client).copyFileToRemote(any(classOf[Path]),
-      any(classOf[Path]), anyShort(), anyBoolean(), any())
+      any(classOf[Path]), anyShort(), any(classOf[MutableHashMap[URI, Path]]), anyBoolean(), any())
 
     val tempDir = Utils.createTempDir()
     try {
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ class ClientSuite extends SparkFunSuite with Matchers with BeforeAndAfterAll
       Some(Seq(s"local:${jar4.getPath()}", s"local:${single.getAbsolutePath()}/*")))
 
     verify(client).copyFileToRemote(any(classOf[Path]), meq(new Path(jar1.toURI())), anyShort(),
-      anyBoolean(), any())
+      any(classOf[MutableHashMap[URI, Path]]), anyBoolean(), any())
     verify(client).copyFileToRemote(any(classOf[Path]), meq(new Path(jar2.toURI())), anyShort(),
-      anyBoolean(), any())
+      any(classOf[MutableHashMap[URI, Path]]), anyBoolean(), any())
     verify(client).copyFileToRemote(any(classOf[Path]), meq(new Path(jar3.toURI())), anyShort(),
-      anyBoolean(), any())
+      any(classOf[MutableHashMap[URI, Path]]), anyBoolean(), any())
 
     val cp = classpath(client)
     cp should contain (buildPath(PWD, LOCALIZED_LIB_DIR, "*"))
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class ClientSuite extends SparkFunSuite with Matchers with BeforeAndAfterAll
     client.prepareLocalResources(new Path(temp.getAbsolutePath()), Nil)
 
     verify(client).copyFileToRemote(any(classOf[Path]), meq(new Path(archive.toURI())), anyShort(),
-      anyBoolean(), any())
+      any(classOf[MutableHashMap[URI, Path]]), anyBoolean(), any())
     classpath(client) should contain (buildPath(PWD, LOCALIZED_LIB_DIR, "*"))
 
     sparkConf.set(SPARK_ARCHIVE, LOCAL_SCHEME + ":" + archive.getPath())