[SPARK-14132][SPARK-14133][SQL] Alter table partition DDLs

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This implements a few alter table partition commands using the `SessionCatalog`. In particular:
```
ALTER TABLE ... ADD PARTITION ...
ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION ...
ALTER TABLE ... RENAME PARTITION ... TO ...
```
The following operations are not supported, and an `AnalysisException` with a helpful error message will be thrown if the user tries to use them:
```
ALTER TABLE ... EXCHANGE PARTITION ...
ALTER TABLE ... ARCHIVE PARTITION ...
ALTER TABLE ... UNARCHIVE PARTITION ...
ALTER TABLE ... TOUCH ...
ALTER TABLE ... COMPACT ...
ALTER TABLE ... CONCATENATE
MSCK REPAIR TABLE ...
```

## How was this patch tested?

`DDLSuite`, `DDLCommandSuite` and `HiveDDLCommandSuite`

Author: Andrew Or <andrew@databricks.com>

Closes #12220 from andrewor14/alter-partition-ddl.