[SPARK-17073][SQL] generate column-level statistics

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Generate basic column statistics for all the atomic types:
- numeric types: max, min, num of nulls, ndv (number of distinct values)
- date/timestamp types: they are also represented as numbers internally, so they have the same stats as above.
- string: avg length, max length, num of nulls, ndv
- binary: avg length, max length, num of nulls
- boolean: num of nulls, num of trues, num of falsies

Also support storing and loading these statistics.

One thing to notice:
We support analyzing columns independently, e.g.:
sql1: `ANALYZE TABLE src COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR COLUMNS key;`
sql2: `ANALYZE TABLE src COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR COLUMNS value;`
when running sql2 to collect column stats for `value`, we don’t remove stats of columns `key` which are analyzed in sql1 and not in sql2. As a result, **users need to guarantee consistency** between sql1 and sql2. If the table has been changed before sql2, users should re-analyze column `key` when they want to analyze column `value`:
`ANALYZE TABLE src COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR COLUMNS key, value;`

## How was this patch tested?

add unit tests

Author: Zhenhua Wang <wzh_zju@163.com>

Closes #15090 from wzhfy/colStats.