[SPARK-6528] [ML] Add IDF transformer

See [SPARK-6528](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-6528). Add IDF transformer in ML package.

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>

Closes #5266 from yinxusen/SPARK-6528 and squashes the following commits:

741db31 [Xusen Yin] get param from new paramMap
d169967 [Xusen Yin] add final to param and IDF class
c9c3759 [Xusen Yin] simplify test suite
5867c09 [Xusen Yin] refine IDF transformer with new interfaces
7727cae [Xusen Yin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-6528
4338a37 [Xusen Yin] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-6528
aef2cdf [Xusen Yin] add doc and group for param
5760b49 [Xusen Yin] fix code style
2add691 [Xusen Yin] fix code style and test
03fbecb [Xusen Yin] remove duplicated code
2aa4be0 [Xusen Yin] clean test suite
4802c67 [Xusen Yin] add IDF transformer and test suite

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/feature/IDF.scala

+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.ml.feature
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.AlphaComponent
+import org.apache.spark.ml._
+import org.apache.spark.ml.param._
+import org.apache.spark.ml.param.shared._
+import org.apache.spark.ml.util.SchemaUtils
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.feature
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.{Vector, VectorUDT}
+import org.apache.spark.sql._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType
+
+/**
+ * Params for [[IDF]] and [[IDFModel]].
+ */
+private[feature] trait IDFBase extends Params with HasInputCol with HasOutputCol {
+
+  /**
+   * The minimum of documents in which a term should appear.
+   * @group param
+   */
+  final val minDocFreq = new IntParam(
+    this, "minDocFreq", "minimum of documents in which a term should appear for filtering")
+
+  setDefault(minDocFreq -> 0)
+
+  /** @group getParam */
+  def getMinDocFreq: Int = getOrDefault(minDocFreq)
+
+  /** @group setParam */
+  def setMinDocFreq(value: Int): this.type = set(minDocFreq, value)
+
+  /**
+   * Validate and transform the input schema.
+   */
+  protected def validateAndTransformSchema(schema: StructType, paramMap: ParamMap): StructType = {
+    val map = extractParamMap(paramMap)
+    SchemaUtils.checkColumnType(schema, map(inputCol), new VectorUDT)
+    SchemaUtils.appendColumn(schema, map(outputCol), new VectorUDT)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * :: AlphaComponent ::
+ * Compute the Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) given a collection of documents.
+ */
+@AlphaComponent
+final class IDF extends Estimator[IDFModel] with IDFBase {
+
+  /** @group setParam */
+  def setInputCol(value: String): this.type = set(inputCol, value)
+
+  /** @group setParam */
+  def setOutputCol(value: String): this.type = set(outputCol, value)
+
+  override def fit(dataset: DataFrame, paramMap: ParamMap): IDFModel = {
+    transformSchema(dataset.schema, paramMap, logging = true)
+    val map = extractParamMap(paramMap)
+    val input = dataset.select(map(inputCol)).map { case Row(v: Vector) => v }
+    val idf = new feature.IDF(map(minDocFreq)).fit(input)
+    val model = new IDFModel(this, map, idf)
+    Params.inheritValues(map, this, model)
+    model
+  }
+
+  override def transformSchema(schema: StructType, paramMap: ParamMap): StructType = {
+    validateAndTransformSchema(schema, paramMap)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * :: AlphaComponent ::
+ * Model fitted by [[IDF]].
+ */
+@AlphaComponent
+class IDFModel private[ml] (
+    override val parent: IDF,
+    override val fittingParamMap: ParamMap,
+    idfModel: feature.IDFModel)
+  extends Model[IDFModel] with IDFBase {
+
+  /** @group setParam */
+  def setInputCol(value: String): this.type = set(inputCol, value)
+
+  /** @group setParam */
+  def setOutputCol(value: String): this.type = set(outputCol, value)
+
+  override def transform(dataset: DataFrame, paramMap: ParamMap): DataFrame = {
+    transformSchema(dataset.schema, paramMap, logging = true)
+    val map = extractParamMap(paramMap)
+    val idf = udf { vec: Vector => idfModel.transform(vec) }
+    dataset.withColumn(map(outputCol), idf(col(map(inputCol))))
+  }
+
+  override def transformSchema(schema: StructType, paramMap: ParamMap): StructType = {
+    validateAndTransformSchema(schema, paramMap)
+  }
+}

mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/feature/IDFSuite.scala

+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.ml.feature
+
+import org.scalatest.FunSuite
+
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.{DenseVector, SparseVector, Vector, Vectors}
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.MLlibTestSparkContext
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.TestingUtils._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{Row, SQLContext}
+
+class IDFSuite extends FunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext {
+
+  @transient var sqlContext: SQLContext = _
+
+  override def beforeAll(): Unit = {
+    super.beforeAll()
+    sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)
+  }
+
+  def scaleDataWithIDF(dataSet: Array[Vector], model: Vector): Array[Vector] = {
+    dataSet.map {
+      case data: DenseVector =>
+        val res = data.toArray.zip(model.toArray).map { case (x, y) => x * y }
+        Vectors.dense(res)
+      case data: SparseVector =>
+        val res = data.indices.zip(data.values).map { case (id, value) =>
+          (id, value * model(id))
+        }
+        Vectors.sparse(data.size, res)
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("compute IDF with default parameter") {
+    val numOfFeatures = 4
+    val data = Array(
+      Vectors.sparse(numOfFeatures, Array(1, 3), Array(1.0, 2.0)),
+      Vectors.dense(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+      Vectors.sparse(numOfFeatures, Array(1), Array(1.0))
+    )
+    val numOfData = data.size
+    val idf = Vectors.dense(Array(0, 3, 1, 2).map { x =>
+      math.log((numOfData + 1.0) / (x + 1.0))
+    })
+    val expected = scaleDataWithIDF(data, idf)
+
+    val df = sqlContext.createDataFrame(data.zip(expected)).toDF("features", "expected")
+
+    val idfModel = new IDF()
+      .setInputCol("features")
+      .setOutputCol("idfValue")
+      .fit(df)
+
+    idfModel.transform(df).select("idfValue", "expected").collect().foreach {
+      case Row(x: Vector, y: Vector) =>
+        assert(x ~== y absTol 1e-5, "Transformed vector is different with expected vector.")
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("compute IDF with setter") {
+    val numOfFeatures = 4
+    val data = Array(
+      Vectors.sparse(numOfFeatures, Array(1, 3), Array(1.0, 2.0)),
+      Vectors.dense(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+      Vectors.sparse(numOfFeatures, Array(1), Array(1.0))
+    )
+    val numOfData = data.size
+    val idf = Vectors.dense(Array(0, 3, 1, 2).map { x =>
+      if (x > 0) math.log((numOfData + 1.0) / (x + 1.0)) else 0
+    })
+    val expected = scaleDataWithIDF(data, idf)
+
+    val df = sqlContext.createDataFrame(data.zip(expected)).toDF("features", "expected")
+
+    val idfModel = new IDF()
+      .setInputCol("features")
+      .setOutputCol("idfValue")
+      .setMinDocFreq(1)
+      .fit(df)
+
+    idfModel.transform(df).select("idfValue", "expected").collect().foreach {
+      case Row(x: Vector, y: Vector) =>
+        assert(x ~== y absTol 1e-5, "Transformed vector is different with expected vector.")
+    }
+  }
+}