[SPARK-17142][SQL] Complex query triggers binding error in HashAggregateExec

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In `ReorderAssociativeOperator` rule, we extract foldable expressions with Add/Multiply arithmetics, and replace with eval literal. For example, `(a + 1) + (b + 2)` is optimized to `(a + b + 3)` by this rule.
For aggregate operator, output expressions should be derived from groupingExpressions, current implemenation of `ReorderAssociativeOperator` rule may break this promise. A instance could be:
```
SELECT
  ((t1.a + 1) + (t2.a + 2)) AS out_col
FROM
  testdata2 AS t1
INNER JOIN
  testdata2 AS t2
ON
  (t1.a = t2.a)
GROUP BY (t1.a + 1), (t2.a + 2)
```
`((t1.a + 1) + (t2.a + 2))` is optimized to `(t1.a + t2.a + 3)`, which could not be derived from `ExpressionSet((t1.a +1), (t2.a + 2))`.
Maybe we should improve the rule of `ReorderAssociativeOperator` by adding a GroupingExpressionSet to keep Aggregate.groupingExpressions, and respect these expressions during the optimize stage.

## How was this patch tested?

Add new test case in `ReorderAssociativeOperatorSuite`.

Author: jiangxingbo <jiangxb1987@gmail.com>

Closes #14917 from jiangxb1987/rao.

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/expressions.scala

@@ -57,20 +57,37 @@ object ConstantFolding extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
  * Reorder associative integral-type operators and fold all constants into one.
  */
 object ReorderAssociativeOperator extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
-  private def flattenAdd(e: Expression): Seq[Expression] = e match {
-    case Add(l, r) => flattenAdd(l) ++ flattenAdd(r)
+  private def flattenAdd(
+    expression: Expression,
+    groupSet: ExpressionSet): Seq[Expression] = expression match {
+    case expr @ Add(l, r) if !groupSet.contains(expr) =>
+      flattenAdd(l, groupSet) ++ flattenAdd(r, groupSet)
     case other => other :: Nil
   }
 
-  private def flattenMultiply(e: Expression): Seq[Expression] = e match {
-    case Multiply(l, r) => flattenMultiply(l) ++ flattenMultiply(r)
+  private def flattenMultiply(
+    expression: Expression,
+    groupSet: ExpressionSet): Seq[Expression] = expression match {
+    case expr @ Multiply(l, r) if !groupSet.contains(expr) =>
+      flattenMultiply(l, groupSet) ++ flattenMultiply(r, groupSet)
     case other => other :: Nil
   }
 
+  private def collectGroupingExpressions(plan: LogicalPlan): ExpressionSet = plan match {
+    case Aggregate(groupingExpressions, aggregateExpressions, child) =>
+      ExpressionSet.apply(groupingExpressions)
+    case _ => ExpressionSet(Seq())
+  }
+
   def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
-    case q: LogicalPlan => q transformExpressionsDown {
+    case q: LogicalPlan =>
+      // We have to respect aggregate expressions which exists in grouping expressions when plan
+      // is an Aggregate operator, otherwise the optimized expression could not be derived from
+      // grouping expressions.
+      val groupingExpressionSet = collectGroupingExpressions(q)
+      q transformExpressionsDown {
       case a: Add if a.deterministic && a.dataType.isInstanceOf[IntegralType] =>
-        val (foldables, others) = flattenAdd(a).partition(_.foldable)
+        val (foldables, others) = flattenAdd(a, groupingExpressionSet).partition(_.foldable)
         if (foldables.size > 1) {
           val foldableExpr = foldables.reduce((x, y) => Add(x, y))
           val c = Literal.create(foldableExpr.eval(EmptyRow), a.dataType)
@@ -79,7 +96,7 @@ object ReorderAssociativeOperator extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
           a
         }
       case m: Multiply if m.deterministic && m.dataType.isInstanceOf[IntegralType] =>
-        val (foldables, others) = flattenMultiply(m).partition(_.foldable)
+        val (foldables, others) = flattenMultiply(m, groupingExpressionSet).partition(_.foldable)
         if (foldables.size > 1) {
           val foldableExpr = foldables.reduce((x, y) => Multiply(x, y))
           val c = Literal.create(foldableExpr.eval(EmptyRow), m.dataType)

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/ReorderAssociativeOperatorSuite.scala

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.dsl.expressions._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.dsl.plans._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.PlanTest
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.{Inner, PlanTest}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{LocalRelation, LogicalPlan}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.RuleExecutor
 
@@ -60,4 +60,18 @@ class ReorderAssociativeOperatorSuite extends PlanTest {
 
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
+
+  test("nested expression with aggregate operator") {
+    val originalQuery =
+      testRelation.as("t1")
+        .join(testRelation.as("t2"), Inner, Some("t1.a".attr === "t2.a".attr))
+        .groupBy("t1.a".attr + 1, "t2.a".attr + 1)(
+          (("t1.a".attr + 1) + ("t2.a".attr + 1)).as("col"))
+
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(originalQuery.analyze)
+
+    val correctAnswer = originalQuery.analyze
+
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
 }