[SPARK-21421][SS] Add the query id as a local property to allow source and sink using it

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add the query id as a local property to allow source and sink using it.

## How was this patch tested?

The new unit test.

Author: Shixiong Zhu <shixiong@databricks.com>

Closes #18638 from zsxwing/SPARK-21421.