[SPARK-2546] Clone JobConf for each task (branch-1.0 / 1.1 backport)

This patch attempts to fix SPARK-2546 in `branch-1.0` and `branch-1.1`.  The underlying problem is that thread-safety issues in Hadoop Configuration objects may cause Spark tasks to get stuck in infinite loops.  The approach taken here is to clone a new copy of the JobConf for each task rather than sharing a single copy between tasks.  Note that there are still Configuration thread-safety issues that may affect the driver, but these seem much less likely to occur in practice and will be more complex to fix (see discussion on the SPARK-2546 ticket).

This cloning is guarded by a new configuration option (`spark.hadoop.cloneConf`) and is disabled by default in order to avoid unexpected performance regressions for workloads that are unaffected by the Configuration thread-safety issues.

Author: Josh Rosen <joshrosen@apache.org>

Closes #2684 from JoshRosen/jobconf-fix-backport and squashes the following commits:

f14f259 [Josh Rosen] Add configuration option to control cloning of Hadoop JobConf.
b562451 [Josh Rosen] Remove unused jobConfCacheKey field.
dd25697 [Josh Rosen] [SPARK-2546] [1.0 / 1.1 backport] Clone JobConf for each task.