[SPARK-3414][SQL] Replace LowerCaseSchema with Resolver

**This PR introduces a subtle change in semantics for HiveContext when using the results in Python or Scala.  Specifically, while resolution remains case insensitive, it is now case preserving.**

_This PR is a follow up to #2293 (and to a lesser extent #2262 #2334)._

In #2293 the catalog was changed to store analyzed logical plans instead of unresolved ones.  While this change fixed the reported bug (which was caused by yet another instance of us forgetting to put in a `LowerCaseSchema` operator) it had the consequence of breaking assumptions made by `MultiInstanceRelation`.  Specifically, we can't replace swap out leaf operators in a tree without rewriting changed expression ids (which happens when you self join the same RDD that has been registered as a temp table).

In this PR, I instead remove the need to insert `LowerCaseSchema` operators at all, by moving the concern of matching up identifiers completely into analysis.  Doing so allows the test cases from both #2293 and #2262 to pass at the same time (and likely fixes a slew of other "unknown unknown" bugs).

While it is rolled back in this PR, storing the analyzed plan might actually be a good idea.  For instance, it is kind of confusing if you register a temporary table, change the case sensitivity of resolution and now you can't query that table anymore.  This can be addressed in a follow up PR.

Follow-ups:
 - Configurable case sensitivity
 - Consider storing analyzed plans for temp tables

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #2382 from marmbrus/lowercase and squashes the following commits:

c21171e [Michael Armbrust] Ensure the resolver is used for field lookups and ensure that case insensitive resolution is still case preserving.
d4320f1 [Michael Armbrust] Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into lowercase
2de881e [Michael Armbrust] Address comments.
219805a [Michael Armbrust] style
5b93711 [Michael Armbrust] Replace LowerCaseSchema with Resolver.