[SPARK-18949][SQL] Add recoverPartitions API to Catalog

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Currently, we only have a SQL interface for recovering all the partitions in the directory of a table and update the catalog. `MSCK REPAIR TABLE` or `ALTER TABLE table RECOVER PARTITIONS`. (Actually, very hard for me to remember `MSCK` and have no clue what it means)

After the new "Scalable Partition Handling", the table repair becomes much more important for making visible the data in the created data source partitioned table.

Thus, this PR is to add it into the Catalog interface. After this PR, users can repair the table by
```Scala
spark.catalog.recoverPartitions("testTable")
```

### How was this patch tested?
Modified the existing test cases.

Author: gatorsmile <gatorsmile@gmail.com>

Closes #16356 from gatorsmile/repairTable.

project/MimaExcludes.scala

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ object MimaExcludes {
   // Exclude rules for 2.2.x
   lazy val v22excludes = v21excludes ++ Seq(
     // [SPARK-18663][SQL] Simplify CountMinSketch aggregate implementation
-    ProblemFilters.exclude[ReversedMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.util.sketch.CountMinSketch.toByteArray")
+    ProblemFilters.exclude[ReversedMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.util.sketch.CountMinSketch.toByteArray"),
+    // [SPARK-18949] [SQL] Add repairTable API to Catalog
+    ProblemFilters.exclude[ReversedMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.sql.catalog.Catalog.recoverPartitions")
   )
 
   // Exclude rules for 2.1.x

python/pyspark/sql/catalog.py

@@ -258,6 +258,11 @@ class Catalog(object):
         """Invalidate and refresh all the cached metadata of the given table."""
         self._jcatalog.refreshTable(tableName)
 
+    @since('2.1.1')
+    def recoverPartitions(self, tableName):
+        """Recover all the partitions of the given table and update the catalog."""
+        self._jcatalog.recoverPartitions(tableName)
+
     def _reset(self):
         """(Internal use only) Drop all existing databases (except "default"), tables,
         partitions and functions, and set the current database to "default".

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalog/Catalog.scala

@@ -300,6 +300,13 @@ abstract class Catalog {
    */
   def dropGlobalTempView(viewName: String): Boolean
 
+  /**
+   * Recover all the partitions in the directory of a table and update the catalog.
+   *
+   * @since 2.1.1
+   */
+  def recoverPartitions(tableName: String): Unit
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the table is currently cached in-memory.
    *

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/CatalogImpl.scala

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.{DefinedByConstructorParams, FunctionIdenti
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.encoders.ExpressionEncoder
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LocalRelation
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command.AlterTableRecoverPartitionsCommand
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.{CreateTable, DataSource}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType
 
@@ -393,6 +394,19 @@ class CatalogImpl(sparkSession: SparkSession) extends Catalog {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Recover all the partitions in the directory of a table and update the catalog.
+   *
+   * @param tableName the name of the table to be repaired.
+   * @group ddl_ops
+   * @since 2.1.1
+   */
+  override def recoverPartitions(tableName: String): Unit = {
+    val tableIdent = sparkSession.sessionState.sqlParser.parseTableIdentifier(tableName)
+    sparkSession.sessionState.executePlan(
+      AlterTableRecoverPartitionsCommand(tableIdent)).toRdd
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the table is currently cached in-memory.
    *

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite.scala

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite
         }
         withSQLConf(SQLConf.HIVE_MANAGE_FILESOURCE_PARTITIONS.key -> "true") {
           verifyIsLegacyTable("test")
-          spark.sql("msck repair table test")
+          spark.catalog.recoverPartitions("test")
           spark.sql("show partitions test").count()  // check we are a new table
 
           // sanity check table performance
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite
           setupPartitionedDatasourceTable("test", dir)
           spark.sql("show partitions test").count()  // check we are a new table
           assert(spark.sql("select * from test").count() == 0)  // needs repair
-          spark.sql("msck repair table test")
+          spark.catalog.recoverPartitions("test")
           assert(spark.sql("select * from test").count() == 5)
         }
       }
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite
       withTable("test") {
         withTempDir { dir =>
           setupPartitionedDatasourceTable("test", dir)
-          sql("msck repair table test")
+          spark.catalog.recoverPartitions("test")
           spark.sql(
             """insert overwrite table test
               |partition (partCol=1)